http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Dcho39 2026-04-28T15:02:02Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.42.7 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19235 2015-12-06T03:45:16Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> Walther Meissner was a German physicist known for his finding of a scientific phenomenon named after him: the Meissner effect.<br /> <br /> [[File:Walther Meissner.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A brilliant physicist who discovered most notable the Meissner effect.]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. The possibility of levitating cars would be amazing and really astound me how far human technology has evolved. Unfortunately, we are not quite there yet!<br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture. My career choice could lead me to working with superconductors and determining the various effects it has.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19226 2015-12-06T03:44:35Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> Walther Meissner was a German physicist known for his finding of the Meissner effect.<br /> <br /> [[File:Walther Meissner.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A brilliant physicist who discovered most notable the Meissner effect.]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. The possibility of levitating cars would be amazing and really astound me how far human technology has evolved. Unfortunately, we are not quite there yet!<br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture. My career choice could lead me to working with superconductors and determining the various effects it has.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19200 2015-12-06T03:41:45Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> [[File:Walther Meissner.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A brilliant physicist who discovered most notable the Meissner effect.]]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. The possibility of levitating cars would be amazing and really astound me how far human technology has evolved. Unfortunately, we are not quite there yet!<br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture. My career choice could lead me to working with superconductors and determining the various effects it has.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19198 2015-12-06T03:41:11Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> [[File:Walther Meissner.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A brilliant physicist who discovered most notable the Meissner effect.]]<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. The possibility of levitating cars would be amazing and really astound me how far human technology has evolved. Unfortunately, we are not quite there yet!<br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture. My career choice could lead me to working with superconductors and determining the various effects it has.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19197 2015-12-06T03:41:00Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> [[File:Walther Meissner.png|200px|thumb|right|A brilliant physicist who discovered most notable the Meissner effect.]]<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. The possibility of levitating cars would be amazing and really astound me how far human technology has evolved. Unfortunately, we are not quite there yet!<br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture. My career choice could lead me to working with superconductors and determining the various effects it has.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:Walther_Meissner.jpg&diff=19188 2015-12-06T03:39:58Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19145 2015-12-06T03:35:54Z

<p>Dcho39: /* Connectedness */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. The possibility of levitating cars would be amazing and really astound me how far human technology has evolved. Unfortunately, we are not quite there yet!<br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture. My career choice could lead me to working with superconductors and determining the various effects it has.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19129 2015-12-06T03:34:03Z

<p>Dcho39: /* Connectedness */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> Magnetic fields have always been interesting to me. Mostly though, I like the idea that levitation is possible. <br /> <br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> My major is Electrical Engineering, so working with magnetic fields and superconductors in the future is definitely not out of the picture.<br /> <br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> A larger scale of Meissner effect at work is demonstration of quantum levitation at Tel Aviv University in 2011. More can read about at http://www.gizmag.com/tel-aviv-university-quantum-levitation/20240/<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19059 2015-12-06T03:26:55Z

<p>Dcho39: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19038 2015-12-06T03:25:04Z

<p>Dcho39: /* Application */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=19033 2015-12-06T03:24:53Z

<p>Dcho39: /* Meissner Effect */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ===Application===<br /> <br /> By manipulating the characteristics of a superconductor, one could levitate objects.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.png]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18950 2015-12-06T03:19:16Z

<p>Dcho39: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> <br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18947 2015-12-06T03:19:08Z

<p>Dcho39: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> <br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18940 2015-12-06T03:18:53Z

<p>Dcho39: /* See also */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18927 2015-12-06T03:17:40Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===Further Reading===<br /> *{{cite book |author=[[Fritz Wolfgang London]] |title=Superfluids |series=Structure of matter series |volume=1 |contribution=Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity |year=1950 |oclc=257588418}}. Revised 2nd edition, Dover (1960) ISBN 978-0-486-60044-4. By the man who explained the Meissner effect. pp.&amp;nbsp;34–37 gives a technical discussion of the Meissner effect for a superconducting sphere.<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect<br /> https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18828 2015-12-06T03:09:23Z

<p>Dcho39: /* See also */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===Further Reading===<br /> *{{cite book |author=[[Fritz Wolfgang London]] |title=Superfluids |series=Structure of matter series |volume=1 |contribution=Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity |year=1950 |oclc=257588418}}. Revised 2nd edition, Dover (1960) ISBN 978-0-486-60044-4. By the man who explained the Meissner effect. pp.&amp;nbsp;34–37 gives a technical discussion of the Meissner effect for a superconducting sphere.<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner]<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect]<br /> *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18815 2015-12-06T03:08:00Z

<p>Dcho39: /* History */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect led to Friz and Heinz London developing the theory of superconductivity. It explained the Meissner effect as well as how transport could have no resistance, and also paved the way for predictions of superconductivity to be produced.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner]<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect]<br /> *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18785 2015-12-06T03:04:22Z

<p>Dcho39: /* See also */</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner]<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect]<br /> *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18774 2015-12-06T03:03:29Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> *[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> *[http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner]<br /> *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect]<br /> *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18769 2015-12-06T03:02:58Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/meis.html Meissner Effect (Hyperphysics)]<br /> [http://web.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/pt2.html Historical Background of the Meissner Effect]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Meissner]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect]<br /> [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Quantum_Field_Theory/Introduction_to_The_Standard_Model]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Notable Scientists]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=18703 2015-12-06T02:57:16Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|Superconductor above and below critical temperature]]<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:Meissner_Effect.png&diff=18689 2015-12-06T02:56:29Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=12243 2015-12-04T18:23:48Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11854 2015-12-04T07:50:28Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Meissner Effect.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:Meissner_Effect.gif&diff=11853 2015-12-04T07:49:55Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11852 2015-12-04T07:47:29Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Levitation due to a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11851 2015-12-04T07:46:37Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11850 2015-12-04T07:46:20Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> <br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11849 2015-12-04T07:45:59Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png]]<br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.jpg|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11848 2015-12-04T07:45:06Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.jpg]]<br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.png|200px|thumb|right|alt text]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11847 2015-12-04T07:44:11Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png|200px|thumb|left|]]<br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> [[File:Levitation.png|200px|thumb|right|Levitation from a superconductor]]<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:Levitation.jpg&diff=11846 2015-12-04T07:42:59Z

<p>Dcho39: https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg</p> <hr /> <div>https://nationalmaglab.org/images/education/magnet_academy/learn_basics/articles/superconductivity/superconductivity-meissner.jpg</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11845 2015-12-04T07:40:17Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png|200px|thumb|left|]]<br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. It is also called the London equation.<br /> <br /> It states the the magnetic field weakens substantially as you go from the surface to the interior of the superconductor.<br /> <br /> This is due to the superconductor creating electric currents at the surface that will cancel the magnetic field. This effect continues for a very long time as the cancellation is not dependent on time, which leads the superconductor to be thought of as always expelling magnetic fields.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11842 2015-12-04T07:36:10Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png|200px|thumb|left|]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11841 2015-12-04T07:35:53Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11839 2015-12-04T07:35:15Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.png|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:London_Equation.png&diff=11832 2015-12-04T07:33:24Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11829 2015-12-04T07:32:17Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> [[File:London Equation.jpg]]<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11827 2015-12-04T07:30:57Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ====Explanation====<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> https://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/5/e/75e2993bfe886881e0895c466c7661bf.png<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11826 2015-12-04T07:30:42Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> ===Meissner Effect===<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ===Explanation===<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> https://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/5/e/75e2993bfe886881e0895c466c7661bf.png<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11486 2015-12-04T04:38:12Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ===Explanation===<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> https://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/5/e/75e2993bfe886881e0895c466c7661bf.png<br /> <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11485 2015-12-04T04:37:40Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ===Explanation===<br /> <br /> The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided<br /> <br /> \nabla^2\mathbf{H} = \lambda^{-2} \mathbf{H}\, <br /> where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Fritz_Walther_Meissner&diff=11471 2015-12-04T04:34:10Z

<p>Dcho39: Created page with &quot;created by dcho39 ==Personal Life== Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the T...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>created by dcho39<br /> <br /> ==Personal Life==<br /> <br /> Fritz Walther Meissner was born in Berlin, Germany on December 16, 1882 to Waldemar Meissner and Johanna Greger. He was educated at the Technical University of Berlin, studying physics and mechanical engineering; his supervisor was Max Planck. After, he attended the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin. In 1926, he became chair in technical physics at the Technical University of Munich. He also later became the president of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Sadly, Meissner lived lonely for the last few years until his death in 1974, with only his two dogs to accompany him.<br /> <br /> ==Scientific Contributions==<br /> <br /> Aided by fellow German physicist Robert Ochsenfeld, Meissner discovered this scientific phenomenon in 1933. The Meissner effect is when a superconductor expels all magnetic fields from its interior during its transition to the superconducting state. This finding was actually done so indirectly. The two scientists were observing how the magnetic flux is conserved by a superconductor. They found that their sample of tin and lead were cooled below their critical, or superconducting transition, temperature when in the presence of an applied magnetic field. At this point, almost all interior magnetic fields were neutralized.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]<br /> <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11305 2015-12-04T03:27:04Z

<p>Dcho39: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!<br /> <br /> Looking to make a contribution?<br /> #Pick a specific topic from intro physics<br /> #Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.<br /> #Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.<br /> <br /> Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.<br /> <br /> == Source Material ==<br /> All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).<br /> * A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]<br /> * A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]<br /> * The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]<br /> * An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]<br /> * Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]<br /> * OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]<br /> * The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]<br /> * A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]<br /> <br /> == Organizing Categories ==<br /> These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ===Interactions===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Kinds of Matter]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]<br /> *[[Detecting Interactions]]<br /> *[[Fundamental Interactions]]<br /> *[[Determinism]]<br /> *[[System &amp; Surroundings]] <br /> *[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Gravitational Force]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Energy]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Charge]]<br /> *[[Terminal Speed]]<br /> *[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]<br /> *[[Speed and Velocity]]<br /> *[[Electric Polarization]]<br /> *[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]<br /> *[[2-Dimensional Motion]]<br /> *[[Center of Mass]]<br /> *[[Reaction Time]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Theory===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]<br /> *[[Quantum Theory]]<br /> *[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]<br /> *[[Atomic Theory]]<br /> *[[String Theory]]<br /> *[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]<br /> *[[Law of Gravitation]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Notable Scientists===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Christian Doppler]]<br /> *[[Albert Einstein]]<br /> *[[Ernest Rutherford]]<br /> *[[Joseph Henry]]<br /> *[[Michael Faraday]]<br /> *[[J.J. Thomson]]<br /> *[[James Maxwell]]<br /> *[[Robert Hooke]]<br /> *[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]<br /> *[[Nikola Tesla]]<br /> *[[Andre Marie Ampere]]<br /> *[[Sir Isaac Newton]]<br /> *[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]<br /> *[[Oliver Heaviside]]<br /> *[[Rosalind Franklin]]<br /> *[[Erwin Schrödinger]]<br /> *[[Enrico Fermi]]<br /> *[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]<br /> *[[Charles de Coulomb]]<br /> *[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]<br /> *[[Philo Farnsworth]]<br /> *[[Niels Bohr]]<br /> *[[Georg Ohm]]<br /> *[[Galileo Galilei]]<br /> *[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]<br /> *[[Max Planck]]<br /> *[[Heinrich Hertz]]<br /> *[[Edwin Hall]]<br /> *[[James Watt]]<br /> *[[Count Alessandro Volta]]<br /> *[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]<br /> *[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]<br /> *[[Sir David Brewster]]<br /> *[[Daniel Bernoulli]]<br /> *[[William Thomson]]<br /> *[[Leonhard Euler]]<br /> *[[Robert Fox Bacher]]<br /> *[[Stephen Hawking]]<br /> *[[Amedeo Avogadro]]<br /> *[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]<br /> *[[Pierre Laplace]]<br /> *[[Thomas Edison]]<br /> *[[Hendrik Lorentz]]<br /> *[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]<br /> *[[Lise Meitner]]<br /> *[[Lisa Randall]]<br /> *[[Felix Savart]]<br /> *[[Heinrich Lenz]]<br /> *[[Max Born]]<br /> *[[Archimedes]]<br /> *[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]<br /> *[[Carl Sagan]]<br /> *[[Eugene Wigner]]<br /> *[[Marie Curie]]<br /> *[[Pierre Curie]]<br /> *[[Werner Heisenberg]]<br /> *[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]<br /> *[[Louis de Broglie]]<br /> *[[Aristotle]]<br /> *[[Émilie du Châtelet]]<br /> *[[Blaise Pascal]]<br /> *[[Benjamin Franklin]]<br /> *[[James Chadwick]]<br /> *[[Henry Cavendish]]<br /> *[[Thomas Young]]<br /> *[[James Prescott Joule]]<br /> *[[John Bardeen]]<br /> *[[Leo Baekeland]]<br /> *[[Alhazen]]<br /> *[[Willebrod Snell]]<br /> *[[Fritz Walther Meissner]]<br /> *[[Johannes Kepler]]<br /> *[[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]]<br /> *[[Philipp Lenard]]<br /> *[[Xuesen Qian]]<br /> *[[Robert A. Millikan]]<br /> *[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]]<br /> *[[Guglielmo Marconi]]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Properties of Matter===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Mass]]<br /> *[[Velocity]]<br /> *[[Relative Velocity]]<br /> *[[Density]]<br /> *[[Charge]]<br /> *[[Spin]]<br /> *[[SI Units]]<br /> *[[Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat]]<br /> *[[Wavelength]]<br /> *[[Conductivity]]<br /> *[[Malleability]]<br /> *[[Weight]]<br /> *[[Boiling Point]]<br /> *[[Melting Point]]<br /> *[[Inertia]]<br /> *[[Non-Newtonian Fluids]]<br /> *[[Color]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Contact Interactions===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[Young's Modulus]]<br /> * [[Friction]]<br /> * [[Tension]]<br /> * [[Hooke's Law]]<br /> *[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]<br /> *[[Compression or Normal Force]]<br /> * [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]<br /> * [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]<br /> * [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Momentum===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[Vectors]]<br /> * [[Kinematics]]<br /> * [[Conservation of Momentum]]<br /> * [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]<br /> * [[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]<br /> * [[Momentum Principle]]<br /> * [[Impulse Momentum]]<br /> * [[Curving Motion]]<br /> * [[Projectile Motion]]<br /> * [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]<br /> * [[Iterative Prediction]]<br /> * [[Analytical Prediction]]<br /> * [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]<br /> * [[Net Force]]<br /> * [[Center of Mass]]<br /> * [[Momentum at High Speeds]]<br /> * [[Change in Momentum in Time for Curving Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Angular Momentum===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[The Moments of Inertia]]<br /> * [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]<br /> * [[Rotation]]<br /> * [[Torque]]<br /> * [[Systems with Zero Torque]]<br /> * [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]<br /> * [[Right Hand Rule]]<br /> * [[Angular Velocity]]<br /> * [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]<br /> * [[Translational Angular Momentum]]<br /> * [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]<br /> * [[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]<br /> * [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]<br /> * [[Total Angular Momentum]]<br /> * [[Gyroscopes]]<br /> * [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Energy===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[The Photoelectric Effect]]<br /> *[[Photons]]<br /> *[[The Energy Principle]]<br /> *[[Predicting Change]]<br /> *[[Rest Mass Energy]]<br /> *[[Kinetic Energy]]<br /> *[[Potential Energy]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]<br /> *[[Work]]<br /> *[[Thermal Energy]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Energy]]<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]<br /> *[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]<br /> *[[Point Particle Systems]]<br /> *[[Real Systems]]<br /> *[[Spring Potential Energy]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model]]<br /> *[[Internal Energy]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]<br /> *[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]<br /> *[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]<br /> *[[Power (Mechanical)]]<br /> *[[Transformation of Energy]]<br /> <br /> *[[Energy Graphs]]<br /> **[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]<br /> *[[Air Resistance]]<br /> *[[Electronic Energy Levels]]<br /> *[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]<br /> *[[Energy Density]]<br /> *[[Bohr Model]]<br /> *[[Quantized energy levels]]<br /> **[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]]<br /> *[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Collisions===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Collisions]]<br /> *[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]<br /> *[[Elastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Inelastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]<br /> *[[Frame of Reference]]<br /> *[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Fields===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[Electric Field]] of a<br /> ** [[Point Charge]]<br /> ** [[Electric Dipole]]<br /> ** [[Capacitor]]<br /> ** [[Charged Rod]]<br /> ** [[Charged Ring]]<br /> ** [[Charged Disk]]<br /> ** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]<br /> ** [[Charged Cylinder]]<br /> ** [[Charge Density]]<br /> **[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]<br /> *[[Electric Potential]] <br /> **[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]<br /> **[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]<br /> **[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]<br /> **[[Sign of Potential Difference]]<br /> **[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]<br /> **[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]<br /> ** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> **[[Polarization of an Atom]]<br /> *[[Charge Motion in Metals]]<br /> *[[Charge Transfer]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> **[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]<br /> **[[Bar Magnet]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]<br /> ***[[Stern-Gerlach Experiment]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> **[[Earth's Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Torque]]<br /> **[[Hall Effect]]<br /> **[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> **[[Biot-Savart Law]]<br /> **[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]<br /> **[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Sparks in Air]]<br /> **[[Motional Emf]]<br /> **[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Moving Point Charge]]<br /> **[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]<br /> **[[Motors and Generators]]<br /> **[[Solenoid Applications]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Simple Circuits===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Components]]<br /> *[[Steady State]]<br /> *[[Non Steady State]]<br /> *[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]<br /> *[[Thin and Thick Wires]]<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> *[[Loop Rule]]<br /> *[[Resistivity]]<br /> *[[Power in a circuit]]<br /> *[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]<br /> *[[Current]]<br /> **[[AC]]<br /> *[[Ohm's Law]]<br /> *[[Series Circuits]]<br /> *[[Parallel Circuits]]<br /> *[[RC]]<br /> *[[AC vs DC]]<br /> *[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]<br /> *[[Current in a RC circuit]]<br /> *[[Circular Loop of Wire]]<br /> *[[Current in a RL Circuit]]<br /> *[[RL Circuit]]<br /> *[[LC Circuit]]<br /> *[[Surface Charge Distributions]]<br /> *[[Feedback]]<br /> *[[Transformers (Circuits)]]<br /> *[[Resistors and Conductivity]]<br /> *[[Semiconductor Devices]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Maxwell's Equations===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]<br /> **[[Electric Fields]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Fields]]<br /> *[[Ampere's Law]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Faraday's Law]]<br /> **[[Curly Electric Fields]]<br /> **[[Inductance]]<br /> ***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]<br /> ***[[Energy Density]]<br /> **[[Lenz's Law]]<br /> ***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]<br /> **[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]<br /> *[[Superconductors]]<br /> **[[Meissner effect]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Radiation===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]<br /> *[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]<br /> *[[Lenses]]<br /> **[[Superlens]]<br /> *[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]<br /> **[[Poynting Vector]]<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]<br /> **[[Wavelength and Frequency]]<br /> *[[Snell's Law]]<br /> *[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]<br /> *[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]<br /> *[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]<br /> *[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]<br /> *[[Cherenkov Radiation]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sound===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Doppler Effect]]<br /> *[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]<br /> *[[Resonance]]<br /> *[[Sound Barrier]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Waves===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]<br /> *[[Standing waves]]<br /> *[[Gravitational waves]]<br /> *[[Plasma waves]]<br /> *[[Wave-Particle Duality]]<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Waves]]<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Spectrum]]<br /> *[[Color Light Wave]]<br /> *[[Mechanical Waves]]<br /> *[[Pendulum Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]<br /> *[[Maglev Trains]]<br /> *[[Spark Plugs]]<br /> *[[Metal Detectors]]<br /> *[[Speakers]]<br /> *[[Radios]]<br /> *[[Ampullae of Lorenzini]]<br /> *[[Generator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Optics===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Mirrors]]<br /> *[[Refraction]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Computing===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[VPython]]<br /> *[[VPython basics]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> == Resources ==<br /> * Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]<br /> * A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]<br /> * A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]<br /> * A page for review of [[Vectors]] and vector operations</div>

Dcho39 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11227 2015-12-04T02:54:52Z

<p>Dcho39: /* Notable Scientists */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!<br /> <br /> Looking to make a contribution?<br /> #Pick a specific topic from intro physics<br /> #Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.<br /> #Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.<br /> <br /> Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.<br /> <br /> == Source Material ==<br /> All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).<br /> * A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]<br /> * A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]<br /> * The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]<br /> * An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]<br /> * Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]<br /> * OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]<br /> * The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]<br /> * A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]<br /> <br /> == Organizing Categories ==<br /> These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ===Interactions===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Kinds of Matter]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]<br /> *[[Detecting Interactions]]<br /> *[[Fundamental Interactions]]<br /> *[[Determinism]]<br /> *[[System &amp; Surroundings]] <br /> *[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Gravitational Force]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Energy]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Charge]]<br /> *[[Terminal Speed]]<br /> *[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]<br /> *[[Speed and Velocity]]<br /> *[[Electric Polarization]]<br /> *[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]<br /> *[[2-Dimensional Motion]]<br /> *[[Center of Mass]]<br /> *[[Reaction Time]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Theory===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]<br /> *[[Quantum Theory]]<br /> *[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]<br /> *[[Atomic Theory]]<br /> *[[String Theory]]<br /> *[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]<br /> *[[Law of Gravitation]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Notable Scientists===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Christian Doppler]]<br /> *[[Albert Einstein]]<br /> *[[Ernest Rutherford]]<br /> *[[Joseph Henry]]<br /> *[[Michael Faraday]]<br /> *[[J.J. Thomson]]<br /> *[[James Maxwell]]<br /> *[[Robert Hooke]]<br /> *[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]<br /> *[[Nikola Tesla]]<br /> *[[Andre Marie Ampere]]<br /> *[[Sir Isaac Newton]]<br /> *[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]<br /> *[[Oliver Heaviside]]<br /> *[[Rosalind Franklin]]<br /> *[[Erwin Schrödinger]]<br /> *[[Enrico Fermi]]<br /> *[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]<br /> *[[Charles de Coulomb]]<br /> *[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]<br /> *[[Philo Farnsworth]]<br /> *[[Niels Bohr]]<br /> *[[Georg Ohm]]<br /> *[[Galileo Galilei]]<br /> *[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]<br /> *[[Max Planck]]<br /> *[[Heinrich Hertz]]<br /> *[[Edwin Hall]]<br /> *[[James Watt]]<br /> *[[Count Alessandro Volta]]<br /> *[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]<br /> *[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]<br /> *[[Sir David Brewster]]<br /> *[[Daniel Bernoulli]]<br /> *[[William Thomson]]<br /> *[[Leonhard Euler]]<br /> *[[Robert Fox Bacher]]<br /> *[[Stephen Hawking]]<br /> *[[Amedeo Avogadro]]<br /> *[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]<br /> *[[Pierre Laplace]]<br /> *[[Thomas Edison]]<br /> *[[Hendrik Lorentz]]<br /> *[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]<br /> *[[Lise Meitner]]<br /> *[[Lisa Randall]]<br /> *[[Felix Savart]]<br /> *[[Heinrich Lenz]]<br /> *[[Max Born]]<br /> *[[Archimedes]]<br /> *[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]<br /> *[[Carl Sagan]]<br /> *[[Eugene Wigner]]<br /> *[[Marie Curie]]<br /> *[[Pierre Curie]]<br /> *[[Werner Heisenberg]]<br /> *[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]<br /> *[[Louis de Broglie]]<br /> *[[Aristotle]]<br /> *[[Émilie du Châtelet]]<br /> *[[Blaise Pascal]]<br /> *[[Benjamin Franklin]]<br /> *[[James Chadwick]]<br /> *[[Henry Cavendish]]<br /> *[[Thomas Young]]<br /> *[[James Prescott Joule]]<br /> *[[John Bardeen]]<br /> *[[Leo Baekeland]]<br /> *[[Alhazen]]<br /> *[[Willebrod Snell]]<br /> *[[Fritz-David]]<br /> *[[Johannes Kepler]]<br /> *[[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]]<br /> *[[Philipp Lenard]]<br /> *[[Xuesen Qian]]<br /> *[[Robert A. Millikan]]<br /> *[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]]<br /> *[[Guglielmo Marconi]]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Properties of Matter===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Mass]]<br /> *[[Velocity]]<br /> *[[Relative Velocity]]<br /> *[[Density]]<br /> *[[Charge]]<br /> *[[Spin]]<br /> *[[SI Units]]<br /> *[[Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat]]<br /> *[[Wavelength]]<br /> *[[Conductivity]]<br /> *[[Malleability]]<br /> *[[Weight]]<br /> *[[Boiling Point]]<br /> *[[Melting Point]]<br /> *[[Inertia]]<br /> *[[Non-Newtonian Fluids]]<br /> *[[Color]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Contact Interactions===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[Young's Modulus]]<br /> * [[Friction]]<br /> * [[Tension]]<br /> * [[Hooke's Law]]<br /> *[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]<br /> *[[Compression or Normal Force]]<br /> * [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]<br /> * [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]<br /> * [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Momentum===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[Vectors]]<br /> * [[Kinematics]]<br /> * [[Conservation of Momentum]]<br /> * [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]<br /> * [[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]<br /> * [[Momentum Principle]]<br /> * [[Impulse Momentum]]<br /> * [[Curving Motion]]<br /> * [[Projectile Motion]]<br /> * [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]<br /> * [[Iterative Prediction]]<br /> * [[Analytical Prediction]]<br /> * [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]<br /> * [[Net Force]]<br /> * [[Center of Mass]]<br /> * [[Momentum at High Speeds]]<br /> * [[Change in Momentum in Time for Curving Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Angular Momentum===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[The Moments of Inertia]]<br /> * [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]<br /> * [[Rotation]]<br /> * [[Torque]]<br /> * [[Systems with Zero Torque]]<br /> * [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]<br /> * [[Right Hand Rule]]<br /> * [[Angular Velocity]]<br /> * [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]<br /> * [[Translational Angular Momentum]]<br /> * [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]<br /> * [[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]<br /> * [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]<br /> * [[Total Angular Momentum]]<br /> * [[Gyroscopes]]<br /> * [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Energy===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[The Photoelectric Effect]]<br /> *[[Photons]]<br /> *[[The Energy Principle]]<br /> *[[Predicting Change]]<br /> *[[Rest Mass Energy]]<br /> *[[Kinetic Energy]]<br /> *[[Potential Energy]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]<br /> *[[Work]]<br /> *[[Thermal Energy]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Energy]]<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]<br /> *[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]<br /> *[[Point Particle Systems]]<br /> *[[Real Systems]]<br /> *[[Spring Potential Energy]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model]]<br /> *[[Internal Energy]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]<br /> *[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]<br /> *[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]<br /> *[[Power (Mechanical)]]<br /> *[[Transformation of Energy]]<br /> <br /> *[[Energy Graphs]]<br /> **[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]<br /> *[[Air Resistance]]<br /> *[[Electronic Energy Levels]]<br /> *[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]<br /> *[[Energy Density]]<br /> *[[Bohr Model]]<br /> *[[Quantized energy levels]]<br /> **[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]]<br /> *[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Collisions===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Collisions]]<br /> *[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]<br /> *[[Elastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Inelastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]<br /> *[[Frame of Reference]]<br /> *[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Fields===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> * [[Electric Field]] of a<br /> ** [[Point Charge]]<br /> ** [[Electric Dipole]]<br /> ** [[Capacitor]]<br /> ** [[Charged Rod]]<br /> ** [[Charged Ring]]<br /> ** [[Charged Disk]]<br /> ** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]<br /> ** [[Charged Cylinder]]<br /> ** [[Charge Density]]<br /> **[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]<br /> *[[Electric Potential]] <br /> **[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]<br /> **[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]<br /> **[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]<br /> **[[Sign of Potential Difference]]<br /> **[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]<br /> **[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]<br /> ** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> **[[Polarization of an Atom]]<br /> *[[Charge Motion in Metals]]<br /> *[[Charge Transfer]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> **[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]<br /> **[[Bar Magnet]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]<br /> ***[[Stern-Gerlach Experiment]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> **[[Earth's Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Torque]]<br /> **[[Hall Effect]]<br /> **[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> **[[Biot-Savart Law]]<br /> **[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]<br /> **[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Sparks in Air]]<br /> **[[Motional Emf]]<br /> **[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]<br /> **[[Moving Point Charge]]<br /> **[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]<br /> **[[Motors and Generators]]<br /> **[[Solenoid Applications]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Simple Circuits===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Components]]<br /> *[[Steady State]]<br /> *[[Non Steady State]]<br /> *[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]<br /> *[[Thin and Thick Wires]]<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> *[[Loop Rule]]<br /> *[[Resistivity]]<br /> *[[Power in a circuit]]<br /> *[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]<br /> *[[Current]]<br /> **[[AC]]<br /> *[[Ohm's Law]]<br /> *[[Series Circuits]]<br /> *[[Parallel Circuits]]<br /> *[[RC]]<br /> *[[AC vs DC]]<br /> *[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]<br /> *[[Current in a RC circuit]]<br /> *[[Circular Loop of Wire]]<br /> *[[Current in a RL Circuit]]<br /> *[[RL Circuit]]<br /> *[[LC Circuit]]<br /> *[[Surface Charge Distributions]]<br /> *[[Feedback]]<br /> *[[Transformers (Circuits)]]<br /> *[[Resistors and Conductivity]]<br /> *[[Semiconductor Devices]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Maxwell's Equations===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]<br /> **[[Electric Fields]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Fields]]<br /> *[[Ampere's Law]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> **[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Faraday's Law]]<br /> **[[Curly Electric Fields]]<br /> **[[Inductance]]<br /> ***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]<br /> ***[[Energy Density]]<br /> **[[Lenz's Law]]<br /> ***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]<br /> **[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]<br /> *[[Superconductors]]<br /> **[[Meissner effect]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Radiation===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]<br /> *[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]<br /> *[[Lenses]]<br /> *[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]<br /> **[[Poynting Vector]]<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]<br /> **[[Wavelength and Frequency]]<br /> *[[Snell's Law]]<br /> *[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]<br /> *[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]<br /> *[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]<br /> *[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]<br /> *[[Cherenkov Radiation]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sound===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Doppler Effect]]<br /> *[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]<br /> *[[Resonance]]<br /> *[[Sound Barrier]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Waves===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]<br /> *[[Standing waves]]<br /> *[[Gravitational waves]]<br /> *[[Plasma waves]]<br /> *[[Wave-Particle Duality]]<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Waves]]<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Spectrum]]<br /> *[[Color Light Wave]]<br /> *[[Mechanical Waves]]<br /> *[[Pendulum Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]<br /> *[[Maglev Trains]]<br /> *[[Spark Plugs]]<br /> *[[Metal Detectors]]<br /> *[[Speakers]]<br /> *[[Radios]]<br /> *[[Ampullae of Lorenzini]]<br /> *[[Generator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Optics===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Mirrors]]<br /> *[[Refraction]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Computing===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[VPython]]<br /> *[[VPython basics]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> == Resources ==<br /> * Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]<br /> * A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]<br /> * A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]<br /> * A page for review of [[Vectors]] and vector operations</div>

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