Physics Book - User contributions [en]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:45:34Z

Jlogan31: /* History */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The mathematical definition is <br><center><math> Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3... </math></center>
Additionally,
<center><math> Fnet = ma </math><br>
where m=mass of the object, and a = acceleration of the object.</center>
This is a result of Newton's Second Law of motion. If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, that object is accelerating (not traveling at a constant velocity). Interestingly, there is zero net force acting on an object if its velocity is constant. This seems counter-intuitive (surely something is causing the object to move!) but makes sense in the context of Newton's Second Law. The forces are balanced (sum to zero) if there is no acceleration, despite any movement that may be happening.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.
[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Simple Example=
When calculating net force, it is most useful to construct a free body diagram. A free body diagram is a physical representation of the external forces applied to a system. Often, arrows are used to represent forces. In this example, forces are displayed acting on a box.

[[File:forcediagram.gif]]

The first two boxes' net force can be easily calculated by adding the two forces acting on them, respectively. With down being in the negative y direction, for the first box we have:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 1200, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, 400, 0) N </math><br>

And the second box:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 600, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, -200, 0) N </math><br>

The third box has both x-component forces and y-component forces. It is important to separate these in solving for the net force. <br>
y-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 50, 0) N + (0, -50, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
x-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,x = (-20, 0, 0) N + (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
Put them together:<br>
<math> Fnet = (-20, 0, 0) N </math><br>

==Connectedness==
Net force is one of the building blocks of Intro Physics, and I would assume all of physics. It's really important for all motion-related topics, specifically [[Curving Motion]]. A net force due to the gravitational pull of the Sun in the perpendicular direction is how the Earth revolves around the Sun -- why we have days and nights and years! We can see from the derivative form of the Momentum Principle that any change in momentum is due to a nonzero net force acting on a system. All changes in motion can be attributed to a net force acting in some direction. <br>

<math> dP/dt=Fnet </math>

==History==

Some of the earliest records of humans' musings about force come from Aristotle. Aristotle observed the natural world and made assumptions and equations based on what he saw. He described all motion as being either "natural"--circular and infinite OR finite, up and down, in a straight line--or "violent." Aristotle had issues with projectile motion as he could not reconcile the continuing movement of the object with the lack of force being applied. He ended up concluding that the air provides a simultaneous resistant and accelerating force to the object. <br>

These ideas were challenged by Renaissance men such as John Philoponus, John Buridan, and Oresme, with a clear understanding of the conservation of linear momentum not arriving to the world until Descartes. The most famous face we associate with forces in Physics is Sir Isaac Newton, and he certainly played a huge role in the understanding of net force and momentum. However, he initially believed in the idea of impetus, that a projectile has a certain internal force that keeps it moving, and also the idea of transfer, that objects give up parts of their force during a collision. Though he was wrong, these ideas are not at all silly--in fact they seem quite logical--and he later corrected them after a series of experiments. Thus, the second law of motion was established and with it the relationship between force and motion.

== See also ==
These other wiki pages might help: <br>
[[Momentum Principle]] <br>
[[Conservation of Momentum]] <br>
[[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]

===External links===
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force Physics Classroom: Net Force]
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Drawing-Free-Body-Diagrams Physics Classroom: Drawing Free Body Diagrams]

==References==

Cardenas, Richard. "What is Net Force? - Definition, Magnitude & Equations." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-net-force-definition-magnitude-equations.html <br>

"Net Force." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 30 Nov 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_force <br>

The Physics Classroom. "Determining the Net Force." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force <br>

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. Modern Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. <br>

Stinner, Arthur. "The story of force: from Aristotle to Einstein." Physics Education. 1994. Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.arthurstinner.com/stinner/pdfs/1994-storyofforce.pdf <br>
[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:43:47Z

Jlogan31: /* History */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The mathematical definition is <br><center><math> Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3... </math></center>
Additionally,
<center><math> Fnet = ma </math><br>
where m=mass of the object, and a = acceleration of the object.</center>
This is a result of Newton's Second Law of motion. If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, that object is accelerating (not traveling at a constant velocity). Interestingly, there is zero net force acting on an object if its velocity is constant. This seems counter-intuitive (surely something is causing the object to move!) but makes sense in the context of Newton's Second Law. The forces are balanced (sum to zero) if there is no acceleration, despite any movement that may be happening.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.
[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Simple Example=
When calculating net force, it is most useful to construct a free body diagram. A free body diagram is a physical representation of the external forces applied to a system. Often, arrows are used to represent forces. In this example, forces are displayed acting on a box.

[[File:forcediagram.gif]]

The first two boxes' net force can be easily calculated by adding the two forces acting on them, respectively. With down being in the negative y direction, for the first box we have:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 1200, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, 400, 0) N </math><br>

And the second box:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 600, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, -200, 0) N </math><br>

The third box has both x-component forces and y-component forces. It is important to separate these in solving for the net force. <br>
y-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 50, 0) N + (0, -50, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
x-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,x = (-20, 0, 0) N + (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
Put them together:<br>
<math> Fnet = (-20, 0, 0) N </math><br>

==Connectedness==
Net force is one of the building blocks of Intro Physics, and I would assume all of physics. It's really important for all motion-related topics, specifically [[Curving Motion]]. A net force due to the gravitational pull of the Sun in the perpendicular direction is how the Earth revolves around the Sun -- why we have days and nights and years! We can see from the derivative form of the Momentum Principle that any change in momentum is due to a nonzero net force acting on a system. All changes in motion can be attributed to a net force acting in some direction. <br>

<math> dP/dt=Fnet </math>

==History==

Some of the earliest records of humans' musings about force come from Aristotle. Aristotle observed the natural world and made assumptions and equations based on what he saw. He described all motion as being either "natural"--circular and infinite OR finite, up and down, in a straight line--or "violent." Aristotle had issues with projectile motion as he could not reconcile the continuing movement of the object with the lack of force being applied. He ended up concluding that the air provides a simultaneous resistant and accelerating force to the object. <br>

These ideas were challenged by Renaissance men such as John Philoponus, John Buridan, and Oresme, with a clear understanding of the conservation of linear momentum not arriving to the world until Descartes. The most famous face we associate with forces in Physics is Sir Isaac Newton, and he certainly played a huge role in the understanding of net force and momentum. However, he initially believed in the idea of impetus, that a projectile has a certain internal force that keeps it moving, and also the idea of transfer, that objects give up parts of their force during a collision. Though he was wrong, these ideas are not at all silly--in fact they seem quite logical--and he later corrected them after a series of experiments. Thus, the second law of motion was established and the relationship between force and motion was established.

== See also ==
These other wiki pages might help: <br>
[[Momentum Principle]] <br>
[[Conservation of Momentum]] <br>
[[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]

===External links===
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force Physics Classroom: Net Force]
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Drawing-Free-Body-Diagrams Physics Classroom: Drawing Free Body Diagrams]

==References==

Cardenas, Richard. "What is Net Force? - Definition, Magnitude & Equations." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-net-force-definition-magnitude-equations.html <br>

"Net Force." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 30 Nov 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_force <br>

The Physics Classroom. "Determining the Net Force." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force <br>

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. Modern Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. <br>

Stinner, Arthur. "The story of force: from Aristotle to Einstein." Physics Education. 1994. Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.arthurstinner.com/stinner/pdfs/1994-storyofforce.pdf <br>
[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:25:40Z

Jlogan31: /* References */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The mathematical definition is <br><center><math> Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3... </math></center>
Additionally,
<center><math> Fnet = ma </math><br>
where m=mass of the object, and a = acceleration of the object.</center>
This is a result of Newton's Second Law of motion. If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, that object is accelerating (not traveling at a constant velocity). Interestingly, there is zero net force acting on an object if its velocity is constant. This seems counter-intuitive (surely something is causing the object to move!) but makes sense in the context of Newton's Second Law. The forces are balanced (sum to zero) if there is no acceleration, despite any movement that may be happening.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.
[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Simple Example=
When calculating net force, it is most useful to construct a free body diagram. A free body diagram is a physical representation of the external forces applied to a system. Often, arrows are used to represent forces. In this example, forces are displayed acting on a box.

[[File:forcediagram.gif]]

The first two boxes' net force can be easily calculated by adding the two forces acting on them, respectively. With down being in the negative y direction, for the first box we have:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 1200, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, 400, 0) N </math><br>

And the second box:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 600, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, -200, 0) N </math><br>

The third box has both x-component forces and y-component forces. It is important to separate these in solving for the net force. <br>
y-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 50, 0) N + (0, -50, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
x-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,x = (-20, 0, 0) N + (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
Put them together:<br>
<math> Fnet = (-20, 0, 0) N </math><br>

==Connectedness==
Net force is one of the building blocks of Intro Physics, and I would assume all of physics. It's really important for all motion-related topics, specifically [[Curving Motion]]. A net force due to the gravitational pull of the Sun in the perpendicular direction is how the Earth revolves around the Sun -- why we have days and nights and years! We can see from the derivative form of the Momentum Principle that any change in momentum is due to a nonzero net force acting on a system. All changes in motion can be attributed to a net force acting in some direction. <br>

<math> dP/dt=Fnet </math>

==History==

Initially it was believed that force was required to maintain a constant velocity, but this was later cleared up by Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century.

== See also ==
These other wiki pages might help: <br>
[[Momentum Principle]] <br>
[[Conservation of Momentum]] <br>
[[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]

===External links===
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force Physics Classroom: Net Force]
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Drawing-Free-Body-Diagrams Physics Classroom: Drawing Free Body Diagrams]

==References==

Cardenas, Richard. "What is Net Force? - Definition, Magnitude & Equations." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-net-force-definition-magnitude-equations.html <br>

"Net Force." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 30 Nov 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_force <br>

The Physics Classroom. "Determining the Net Force." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force <br>

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. Modern Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. <br>

Stinner, Arthur. "The story of force: from Aristotle to Einstein." Physics Education. 1994. Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.arthurstinner.com/stinner/pdfs/1994-storyofforce.pdf <br>
[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:24:04Z

Jlogan31: /* Connectedness */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The mathematical definition is <br><center><math> Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3... </math></center>
Additionally,
<center><math> Fnet = ma </math><br>
where m=mass of the object, and a = acceleration of the object.</center>
This is a result of Newton's Second Law of motion. If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, that object is accelerating (not traveling at a constant velocity). Interestingly, there is zero net force acting on an object if its velocity is constant. This seems counter-intuitive (surely something is causing the object to move!) but makes sense in the context of Newton's Second Law. The forces are balanced (sum to zero) if there is no acceleration, despite any movement that may be happening.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.
[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Simple Example=
When calculating net force, it is most useful to construct a free body diagram. A free body diagram is a physical representation of the external forces applied to a system. Often, arrows are used to represent forces. In this example, forces are displayed acting on a box.

[[File:forcediagram.gif]]

The first two boxes' net force can be easily calculated by adding the two forces acting on them, respectively. With down being in the negative y direction, for the first box we have:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 1200, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, 400, 0) N </math><br>

And the second box:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 600, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, -200, 0) N </math><br>

The third box has both x-component forces and y-component forces. It is important to separate these in solving for the net force. <br>
y-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 50, 0) N + (0, -50, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
x-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,x = (-20, 0, 0) N + (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
Put them together:<br>
<math> Fnet = (-20, 0, 0) N </math><br>

==Connectedness==
Net force is one of the building blocks of Intro Physics, and I would assume all of physics. It's really important for all motion-related topics, specifically [[Curving Motion]]. A net force due to the gravitational pull of the Sun in the perpendicular direction is how the Earth revolves around the Sun -- why we have days and nights and years! We can see from the derivative form of the Momentum Principle that any change in momentum is due to a nonzero net force acting on a system. All changes in motion can be attributed to a net force acting in some direction. <br>

<math> dP/dt=Fnet </math>

==History==

Initially it was believed that force was required to maintain a constant velocity, but this was later cleared up by Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century.

== See also ==
These other wiki pages might help: <br>
[[Momentum Principle]] <br>
[[Conservation of Momentum]] <br>
[[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]

===External links===
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force Physics Classroom: Net Force]
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Drawing-Free-Body-Diagrams Physics Classroom: Drawing Free Body Diagrams]

==References==

Cardenas, Richard. "What is Net Force? - Definition, Magnitude & Equations." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-net-force-definition-magnitude-equations.html <br>

"Net Force." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 30 Nov 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_force <br>

The Physics Classroom. "Determining the Net Force." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force <br>

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. Modern Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print.

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:23:48Z

Jlogan31: /* Connectedness */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The mathematical definition is <br><center><math> Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3... </math></center>
Additionally,
<center><math> Fnet = ma </math><br>
where m=mass of the object, and a = acceleration of the object.</center>
This is a result of Newton's Second Law of motion. If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, that object is accelerating (not traveling at a constant velocity). Interestingly, there is zero net force acting on an object if its velocity is constant. This seems counter-intuitive (surely something is causing the object to move!) but makes sense in the context of Newton's Second Law. The forces are balanced (sum to zero) if there is no acceleration, despite any movement that may be happening.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.
[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Simple Example=
When calculating net force, it is most useful to construct a free body diagram. A free body diagram is a physical representation of the external forces applied to a system. Often, arrows are used to represent forces. In this example, forces are displayed acting on a box.

[[File:forcediagram.gif]]

The first two boxes' net force can be easily calculated by adding the two forces acting on them, respectively. With down being in the negative y direction, for the first box we have:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 1200, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, 400, 0) N </math><br>

And the second box:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 600, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, -200, 0) N </math><br>

The third box has both x-component forces and y-component forces. It is important to separate these in solving for the net force. <br>
y-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 50, 0) N + (0, -50, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
x-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,x = (-20, 0, 0) N + (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
Put them together:<br>
<math> Fnet = (-20, 0, 0) N </math><br>

==Connectedness==
Net force is one of the building blocks of Intro Physics, and I would assume all of physics. It's really important for all motion-related topics, specifically [[Curving Motion]]. A net force due to the gravitational pull of the Sun in the perpendicular direction is how the Earth revolves around the Sun -- why we have days and nights and years! <br>
We can see from the derivative form of the Momentum Principle that any change in momentum is due to a nonzero net force acting on a system. All changes in motion can be attributed to a net force acting in some direction. <br>

<math> dP/dt=Fnet </math>

==History==

Initially it was believed that force was required to maintain a constant velocity, but this was later cleared up by Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century.

== See also ==
These other wiki pages might help: <br>
[[Momentum Principle]] <br>
[[Conservation of Momentum]] <br>
[[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]

===External links===
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force Physics Classroom: Net Force]
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Drawing-Free-Body-Diagrams Physics Classroom: Drawing Free Body Diagrams]

==References==

Cardenas, Richard. "What is Net Force? - Definition, Magnitude & Equations." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-net-force-definition-magnitude-equations.html <br>

"Net Force." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 30 Nov 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_force <br>

The Physics Classroom. "Determining the Net Force." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force <br>

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. Modern Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print.

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:20:55Z

Jlogan31: /* References */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The mathematical definition is <br><center><math> Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3... </math></center>
Additionally,
<center><math> Fnet = ma </math><br>
where m=mass of the object, and a = acceleration of the object.</center>
This is a result of Newton's Second Law of motion. If there is a nonzero net force acting on an object, that object is accelerating (not traveling at a constant velocity). Interestingly, there is zero net force acting on an object if its velocity is constant. This seems counter-intuitive (surely something is causing the object to move!) but makes sense in the context of Newton's Second Law. The forces are balanced (sum to zero) if there is no acceleration, despite any movement that may be happening.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.
[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Simple Example=
When calculating net force, it is most useful to construct a free body diagram. A free body diagram is a physical representation of the external forces applied to a system. Often, arrows are used to represent forces. In this example, forces are displayed acting on a box.

[[File:forcediagram.gif]]

The first two boxes' net force can be easily calculated by adding the two forces acting on them, respectively. With down being in the negative y direction, for the first box we have:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 1200, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, 400, 0) N </math><br>

And the second box:<br>

<math> Fnet = (0, 600, 0) N + (0, -800, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet = (0, -200, 0) N </math><br>

The third box has both x-component forces and y-component forces. It is important to separate these in solving for the net force. <br>
y-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 50, 0) N + (0, -50, 0) N </math><br>
<math> Fnet,y = (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
x-components:<br>
<math> Fnet,x = (-20, 0, 0) N + (0, 0, 0) N </math><br>
Put them together:<br>
<math> Fnet = (-20, 0, 0) N </math><br>

==Connectedness==
Net force is one of the building blocks of Intro Physics, and I would assume all of physics. It's really important for all motion-related topics, specifically curving motion. A net force due to the gravitational pull of the Sun in the perpendicular direction is how the Earth revolves around the Sun -- why we have days and nights and years! Pretty cool.

==History==

Initially it was believed that force was required to maintain a constant velocity, but this was later cleared up by Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and Einstein's theory of relativity in the early 20th century.

== See also ==
These other wiki pages might help: <br>
[[Momentum Principle]] <br>
[[Conservation of Momentum]] <br>
[[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]

===External links===
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force Physics Classroom: Net Force]
[http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Drawing-Free-Body-Diagrams Physics Classroom: Drawing Free Body Diagrams]

==References==

Cardenas, Richard. "What is Net Force? - Definition, Magnitude & Equations." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-net-force-definition-magnitude-equations.html <br>

"Net Force." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Web. 30 Nov 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_force <br>

The Physics Classroom. "Determining the Net Force." Web. 30 Nov 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force <br>

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. Modern Mechanics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print.

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:13:23Z

Jlogan31: /* References */

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:12:39Z

Jlogan31: /* Further reading */

Net Force

2015-12-05T03:11:58Z

Jlogan31: /* Connectedness */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:32:04Z

Jlogan31: /* Connectedness */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:26:00Z

Jlogan31: /* External links */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:23:55Z

Jlogan31: /* See also */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:23:02Z

Jlogan31: /* See also */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:19:45Z

Jlogan31: /* See also */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:13:48Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:13:36Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:13:12Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:12:13Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:10:01Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:09:22Z

Jlogan31: /* A Computational Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:08:54Z

Jlogan31:

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:08:27Z

Jlogan31:

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:07:49Z

Jlogan31:

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:06:59Z

Jlogan31:

Net Force

2015-12-03T22:06:15Z

Jlogan31: /* Simple Example */

File:Forcediagram.gif

2015-12-03T21:55:09Z

Jlogan31:

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:39:40Z

Jlogan31: /* Simple Example */

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:27:30Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:24:22Z

Jlogan31: /* A Mathematical Model */

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:20:08Z

Jlogan31: /* A Computational Model */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The formal mathematical definition is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*dx + E_y*dy + E_z*dz\right) </math>, where '''E''' is the electric field with components in the x, y, and z directions. Delta x, y, and z are the components of final location minus to the components of the initial location.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.

[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|Tracing the path of a ball/spring model in vpython using net force and the momentum principle.]]

=Simple Example=
[[File:pathindependence.png]]

In this example, the electric field is equal to <math> E = \left(E_x, 0, 0\right)</math>. The initial location is A and the final location is C. In order to find the potential difference between A and C, we use <math>dV = V_C - V_A </math>.

Since there are no y and z components of the electric field, the potential difference is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>

[[File:BC.png]]

Let's say there is a location B at <math> \left(x_1, 0, 0\right) </math>. Now in order to find the potential difference between A and C, we need to find the potential difference between A and B and then between B and C.

The potential difference between A and B is <math>dV = V_B - V_A = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*0 + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>.

The potential difference between B and C is <math>dV = V_C - V_B = -\left(E_x*0 + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = 0</math>.

Therefore, the potential difference A and C is <math>V_C - V_A = \left(V_C - V_B\right) + \left(V_B - V_A\right) = E_x*x_1 </math>, which is the same answer that we got when we did not use location B.

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:18:48Z

Jlogan31: /* A Computational Model */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The formal mathematical definition is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*dx + E_y*dy + E_z*dz\right) </math>, where '''E''' is the electric field with components in the x, y, and z directions. Delta x, y, and z are the components of final location minus to the components of the initial location.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.

[[File:netforce.png|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

=Simple Example=
[[File:pathindependence.png]]

In this example, the electric field is equal to <math> E = \left(E_x, 0, 0\right)</math>. The initial location is A and the final location is C. In order to find the potential difference between A and C, we use <math>dV = V_C - V_A </math>.

Since there are no y and z components of the electric field, the potential difference is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>

[[File:BC.png]]

Let's say there is a location B at <math> \left(x_1, 0, 0\right) </math>. Now in order to find the potential difference between A and C, we need to find the potential difference between A and B and then between B and C.

The potential difference between A and B is <math>dV = V_B - V_A = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*0 + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>.

The potential difference between B and C is <math>dV = V_C - V_B = -\left(E_x*0 + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = 0</math>.

Therefore, the potential difference A and C is <math>V_C - V_A = \left(V_C - V_B\right) + \left(V_B - V_A\right) = E_x*x_1 </math>, which is the same answer that we got when we did not use location B.

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:17:39Z

Jlogan31: /* A Computational Model */

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The formal mathematical definition is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*dx + E_y*dy + E_z*dz\right) </math>, where '''E''' is the electric field with components in the x, y, and z directions. Delta x, y, and z are the components of final location minus to the components of the initial location.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.

[[File:netforce.png]]

=Simple Example=
[[File:pathindependence.png]]

In this example, the electric field is equal to <math> E = \left(E_x, 0, 0\right)</math>. The initial location is A and the final location is C. In order to find the potential difference between A and C, we use <math>dV = V_C - V_A </math>.

Since there are no y and z components of the electric field, the potential difference is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>

[[File:BC.png]]

Let's say there is a location B at <math> \left(x_1, 0, 0\right) </math>. Now in order to find the potential difference between A and C, we need to find the potential difference between A and B and then between B and C.

The potential difference between A and B is <math>dV = V_B - V_A = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*0 + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>.

The potential difference between B and C is <math>dV = V_C - V_B = -\left(E_x*0 + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = 0</math>.

Therefore, the potential difference A and C is <math>V_C - V_A = \left(V_C - V_B\right) + \left(V_B - V_A\right) = E_x*x_1 </math>, which is the same answer that we got when we did not use location B.

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

File:Netforce.png

2015-12-03T21:16:53Z

Jlogan31:

Net Force

2015-12-03T21:15:20Z

Jlogan31:

by Julia Logan

==Definition==

===A Mathematical Model===
In order to calculate net force, all EXTERNAL forces acting on a system are added together. The formal mathematical definition is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*dx + E_y*dy + E_z*dz\right) </math>, where '''E''' is the electric field with components in the x, y, and z directions. Delta x, y, and z are the components of final location minus to the components of the initial location.

===A Computational Model===

Net force is an essential component of the Momentum Principle! We can use the Momentum Principle in vpython to update the position of a moving object. But first, we have to find net force.

#1 Fspring = -k*s
#2 Fgravmag = mball * g
#3 Fgrav = Fgravmag * vector(0,-1,0)
#4 Fnet = Fspring+Fgrav
#5 pball = pball + Fnet * deltat
#6 vball = pball / mball
#7 ball.pos=ball.pos+vball*deltat

Here, the spring force and the gravitational force are found using formulas (lines 1-3). Then, they are added together to get the net force on the object (in this case a ball, line 4). The net force is then used in the update form of the momentum principle (line 5). In line 6 the velocity is updated, and line 7 the position is updated. Without net force calculations, tracing an object's path would be impossible.

[[File:netforce.jpg]]

=Simple Example=
[[File:pathindependence.png]]

In this example, the electric field is equal to <math> E = \left(E_x, 0, 0\right)</math>. The initial location is A and the final location is C. In order to find the potential difference between A and C, we use <math>dV = V_C - V_A </math>.

Since there are no y and z components of the electric field, the potential difference is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>

[[File:BC.png]]

Let's say there is a location B at <math> \left(x_1, 0, 0\right) </math>. Now in order to find the potential difference between A and C, we need to find the potential difference between A and B and then between B and C.

The potential difference between A and B is <math>dV = V_B - V_A = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*0 + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>.

The potential difference between B and C is <math>dV = V_C - V_B = -\left(E_x*0 + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = 0</math>.

Therefore, the potential difference A and C is <math>V_C - V_A = \left(V_C - V_B\right) + \left(V_B - V_A\right) = E_x*x_1 </math>, which is the same answer that we got when we did not use location B.

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-11-30T22:51:48Z

Jlogan31:

by Julia Logan

==Net Force==

The potential difference between two locations does not depend on the path taken between the locations chosen.

===A Mathematical Model===

In order to find the potential difference between two locations, we use this formula <math> dV = -\left(E_x*dx + E_y*dy + E_z*dz\right) </math>, where '''E''' is the electric field with components in the x, y, and z directions. Delta x, y, and z are the components of final location minus to the components of the initial location.

===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

=Simple Example=
[[File:pathindependence.png]]

In this example, the electric field is equal to <math> E = \left(E_x, 0, 0\right)</math>. The initial location is A and the final location is C. In order to find the potential difference between A and C, we use <math>dV = V_C - V_A </math>.

Since there are no y and z components of the electric field, the potential difference is <math> dV = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>

[[File:BC.png]]

Let's say there is a location B at <math> \left(x_1, 0, 0\right) </math>. Now in order to find the potential difference between A and C, we need to find the potential difference between A and B and then between B and C.

The potential difference between A and B is <math>dV = V_B - V_A = -\left(E_x*\left(x_1 - 0\right) + 0*0 + 0*0\right) = -E_x*x_1</math>.

The potential difference between B and C is <math>dV = V_C - V_B = -\left(E_x*0 + 0*\left(-y_1 - 0\right) + 0*0\right) = 0</math>.

Therefore, the potential difference A and C is <math>V_C - V_A = \left(V_C - V_B\right) + \left(V_B - V_A\right) = E_x*x_1 </math>, which is the same answer that we got when we did not use location B.

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Net Force

2015-11-30T22:50:24Z

Jlogan31: Created page with "under construction by Julia Logan"

under construction by Julia Logan

Main Page

2015-11-30T22:49:31Z

Jlogan31: /* Momentum */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
*[[Systems with Zero Torque]]
*[[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting a Change in Rotation]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
*[[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
*[[Total Angular Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power]]
*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Quantized Energy Levels]]
*[[Energy Density]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers]]
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
**[[Superconducters]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
*[[blahb]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]]