http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Ksomu3 2026-04-29T00:18:21Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.42.7 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23980 2016-11-25T00:08:04Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> <br /> 1. How is the topic connected to something you are interested in?<br /> <br /> I am interested in its application to the Hall Effect on how charges accumulate in a conductor. I just fine it so interesting that such a simple tool allows us to find the direction of forcess, moving objects, and many other useful applications.<br /> <br /> 2. How is it connected to your major?<br /> <br /> As an industrial engineer, it has little application directly however, for those working in engineering physics and need to come up with a design. They could run into problems involving forces and velocity that require the right hand rule.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> John Ambrose Fleming is credited with devising the right hand rule. He was a professor at the University College, London where he was liked by many of his students. He taught them how to easily determine the direction of a current. He made directional relationships easier between current, its magnetic field, and the electromotive force. <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> <br /> ===External Links===<br /> <br /> #https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/magnetism-mcat/a/using-the-right-hand-rule<br /> #https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-02t-electricity-and-magnetism-spring-2005/lecture-notes/prs_w06d1.pdf<br /> #http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/semester2/d12_RHR_practice.html<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> #https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers/john-ambrose-fleming<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23979 2016-11-25T00:06:54Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> <br /> 1. How is the topic connected to something you are interested in?<br /> <br /> I am interested in its application to the Hall Effect on how charges accumulate in a conductor. I just fine it so interesting that such a simple tool allows us to find the direction of forcess, moving objects, and many other useful applications.<br /> <br /> 2. How is it connected to your major?<br /> <br /> As an industrial engineer, it has little application directly however, for those working in engineering physics and need to come up with a design. They could run into problems involving forces and velocity that require the right hand rule.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> John Ambrose Fleming is credited with devising the right hand rule. He was a professor at the University College, London where he was liked by many of his students. He taught them how to easily determine the direction of a current. He made directional relationships easier between current, its magnetic field, and the electromotive force. <br /> <br /> ==See Also==<br /> <br /> ===External Links===<br /> <br /> #https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/magnetism-mcat/a/using-the-right-hand-rule<br /> #https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-02t-electricity-and-magnetism-spring-2005/lecture-notes/prs_w06d1.pdf<br /> #http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/semester2/d12_RHR_practice.html<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> #https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers/john-ambrose-fleming<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23978 2016-11-25T00:04:50Z

<p>Ksomu3: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> <br /> 1. How is the topic connected to something you are interested in?<br /> <br /> I am interested in its application to the Hall Effect on how charges accumulate in a conductor. I just fine it so interesting that such a simple tool allows us to find the direction of forcess, moving objects, and many other useful applications.<br /> <br /> 2. How is it connected to your major?<br /> <br /> As an industrial engineer, it has little application directly however, for those working in engineering physics and need to come up with a design. They could run into problems involving forces and velocity that require the right hand rule.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> John Ambrose Fleming is credited with devising the right hand rule. He was a professor at the University College, London where he was liked by many of his students. He taught them how to easily determine the direction of a current. He made directional relationships easier between current, its magnetic field, and the electromotive force. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> #https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-magnetism/pioneers/john-ambrose-fleming<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23977 2016-11-25T00:02:35Z

<p>Ksomu3: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> <br /> 1. How is the topic connected to something you are interested in?<br /> <br /> I am interested in its application to the Hall Effect on how charges accumulate in a conductor. I just fine it so interesting that such a simple tool allows us to find the direction of forcess, moving objects, and many other useful applications.<br /> <br /> 2. How is it connected to your major?<br /> <br /> As an industrial engineer, it has little application directly however, for those working in engineering physics and need to come up with a design. They could run into problems involving forces and velocity that require the right hand rule.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> John Ambrose Fleming is credited with devising the right hand rule. He was a professor at the University College, London where he was liked by many of his students. He taught them how to easily determine the direction of a current. He made directional relationships easier between current, its magnetic field, and the electromotive force. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> #https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/physical-processes/magnetism-mcat/a/using-the-right-hand-rule<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23976 2016-11-25T00:01:40Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> <br /> 1. How is the topic connected to something you are interested in?<br /> <br /> I am interested in its application to the Hall Effect on how charges accumulate in a conductor. I just fine it so interesting that such a simple tool allows us to find the direction of forcess, moving objects, and many other useful applications.<br /> <br /> 2. How is it connected to your major?<br /> <br /> As an industrial engineer, it has little application directly however, for those working in engineering physics and need to come up with a design. They could run into problems involving forces and velocity that require the right hand rule.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> John Ambrose Fleming is credited with devising the right hand rule. He was a professor at the University College, London where he was liked by many of his students. He taught them how to easily determine the direction of a current. He made directional relationships easier between current, its magnetic field, and the electromotive force. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23975 2016-11-24T23:55:34Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> <br /> 1. How is the topic connected to something you are interested in?<br /> <br /> I am interested in its application to the Hall Effect on how charges accumulate in a conductor. I just fine it so interesting that such a simple tool allows us to find the direction of forcess, moving objects, and many other useful applications.<br /> <br /> 2. How is it connected to your major?<br /> <br /> As an industrial engineer, it has little application directly however, for those working in engineering physics and need to come up with a design. They could run into problems involving forces and velocity that require the right hand rule.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23970 2016-11-24T23:42:53Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23969 2016-11-24T23:42:04Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the negative charges accumulated to the bottom. You know the direction the particles velocity and magnetic field. Can you find out the charge of the particle using the right hand rule?<br /> <br /> In the picture, the particles are coming out of the negative terminal, so they are electrons. This can be verified by using the right hand rule. You curl your fingers from velocity vector to magnetic field vector to find the direction of magnetic force perpendicular. Your thumb is pointing up, but since these are negative charges, its opposite and you flip your hand and you find that the direction of the magnetic force is actually pointing down. Therefore it makes sense that the electrons would accumulate at the bottom since its magnetic force is pushing them towards there.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23967 2016-11-24T23:36:56Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page. It is important to note that this only applies to positive charges. However, it is still very easy to find the direction of the right hand rule for negative charges. It is just the opposite direction for what you would do for positive charges.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> <br /> In the above picture, you see that all the positive charges accumulated at the top and all the <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23906 2016-11-24T21:18:35Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> [[File:HallEffect.jpg]]<br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:HallEffect.jpg&diff=23905 2016-11-24T21:18:22Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23903 2016-11-24T21:14:01Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Hall Effect Example===<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23901 2016-11-24T21:09:26Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand1.png]][[File:RightHand2.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23900 2016-11-24T21:08:31Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page.<br /> <br /> [[File:RightHand.png]]<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:RightHand2.png&diff=23898 2016-11-24T21:07:38Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=File:RightHand1.png&diff=23897 2016-11-24T21:06:32Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23896 2016-11-24T20:51:39Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math. For any equation involving a cross product, the right hand rule is a valuable tool for finding the direction. There are two primary ways of using the right hand rule. The first method is to use your entire hand. In the example below, the velocity is pointing north up and the magnetic field is pointing to the left. We place our hand with your thumb sticking up along the velocity since thats the first variable in F= qv X B. You curl your fingers towards the magnetic field. Your thumb is pointing upwards hence the direction of magnetic force is going out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Superposition_principle&diff=23892 2016-11-24T20:14:51Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Claimed by Abhinav Sundaresan: March 15, 2016'''<br /> <br /> This topic covers the Superposition Principle. This was the first and original article on this topic (also the best).<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The superposition principle essentially states that in a given closed system, the 'reaction' of an object to outside forces is the sum of the outside force acting on it. These forces can act along multiple dimensions, therefore meaning that vector notation will be needed.<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The net electric field due to two or more charges is the vector sum of each field due to each individual charge. This not only applies to Electric Fields, but Magnetic Fields as well. It is important to note that in the superposition principle, the electric field caused by a charge is not affected by the presence of other charges. <br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;F(x_1+x_2)=F(x_1)+F(x_2) \,&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;F(a x)=a F(x) \,&lt;/math&gt;&amp;nbsp;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a python program that calculates and displays the electric as well as magnetic field at a specific observation location for a '''moving dipole'''. The dipole is a negative and positive charge ''q'' and distance ''s''. Write a porgram that will use the given constants to do this.<br /> <br /> # GlowScript 2.0 VPython<br /> <br /> magconstant = 1e-7<br /> oofpez = 9e9<br /> q=1.6e-19<br /> s = 1e-9<br /> pluscharge = sphere(pos=vector(-5*s, 0,-s/2), radius=1e-10, color=color.red)<br /> minuscharge = sphere(pos=vector(-5*s, 0, s/2), radius=1e-10, color=color.blue)<br /> velocity = vector(4e4,0,0) # The dipoles cm velocity # The dipoles cm velocity<br /> robs = vector(0,s,0)<br /> <br /> # Initializes two arrows (E and B) at the observation location<br /> E = arrow(pos = robs, axis=vector(0,0,0), color = color.cyan)<br /> B = arrow(pos = robs, axis=vector(0,0,0), color = color.magenta)<br /> <br /> # Loop that updates dipole position as well as electric and magnetic field<br /> dt = 1e-18<br /> <br /> while pluscharge.pos.x &lt; 10*s:<br /> <br /> rate(100)<br /> <br /> rplus = robs - pluscharge.pos<br /> rplusmag = mag(rplus)<br /> rplushat = norm(rplus)<br /> <br /> Eplus = ((oofpez * q) / (rplusmag ** 2))<br /> Bplus = magconstant * q * cross(velocity, rplushat) / rplusmag ** 2<br /> <br /> rminus = robs - minuscharge.pos<br /> rminusmag = mag(rminus)<br /> rminushat = norm(rminus)<br /> <br /> Eminus = (oofpez * (-q) / (rminus ** 2)) * rminus<br /> Bminus = (magconstant * (-q) * cross(velocity, rminushat)) / (rminushat ** 2)<br /> <br /> #Calculates the new E and B net fields<br /> Enet = Eplus + Eminus<br /> Bnet = Bplus + Bminus<br /> <br /> # Updates the E and B fields arrows<br /> E.axis = Enet<br /> B.axis = Bnet<br /> from visual import * #import the visual module<br /> <br /> rod = cylinder(pos=(0,2,1), axis=(5,0,0), radius=1)<br /> <br /> <br /> Notice that this uses the principle of superposition. The magnetic and electric fields of the two particles in the dipole are added. This determines the net field at the observation location and is therefore a perfect example of superposition.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;300px&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Superposition Principle.JPG| This picture shows the electric field at the location of q3. Note that the Electric Fields of both q1 and q2 were both calculated individually (but do not react because of one another) and summed up to get the net electric field<br /> File:1111.PNG| Even by adding more source charges, the individual electric fields created by each source charge are unaffected by subsequent charges.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> [[File:Electric_Forces_Fields_P1.JPG]]<br /> <br /> Say that we have two positive particles at the above locations. Ignore the charges and distance provided for now. The electric field at the location of the negative charge is &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = &lt;2\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C and &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = &lt;0\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C. What is the net electric field at the location of the electron? Use the principle of superposition.<br /> <br /> ''Answer:''<br /> <br /> Since we know the electric fields from both particles at the point, the superposition principle tells us that we must add the fields together to find the net field. Doing this gives us:<br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} + \vec{E_2} = &lt;2\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C + &lt;math&gt;&lt;0\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> &lt;math&gt; = &lt;2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> Therefore, the net electric field at the electron's location is &lt;math&gt;&lt;2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> === Difficult ===<br /> <br /> [[File:1234556.JPG]]<br /> <br /> If &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; are positive and negative charges with charges of 6 nC and -5 nC respectively, what is the net electric field at point A located at (0,0,0)? Charge &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; is located at (2,-2,0). Charge &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; is located at (5,0,0).<br /> To begin this problem, the first step is to find &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt;, the vectors from the charges to point A as well as their magnitudes:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_1} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-(2\hat{i}+-2\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_1} = -2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_1}|| = \sqrt{2^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{8}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_2} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-(5\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_2} = -2\hat{i}+0\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_2}|| = \sqrt{-5^2 + 0^2} =\sqrt{25}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Using Coloumb's Law, you get:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_1}{||r_1||^2}\hat{r_1}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{8}&lt;\frac{-2}{\sqrt{8}}\hat{i}+\frac{-2}{\sqrt{8}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;-4.77\hat{i}+4.77\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_2}{||r_2||^2}\hat{r_2}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{5}&lt;\frac{-5}{\sqrt{25}}\hat{i}+\frac{0}{\sqrt{25}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;1.8\hat{i}+0\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Next, you need to add the two electric fields together. Because of the superposition principle, the electric field caused by Q1, does not effect the electric field created by Q2, but both can be summed together to create the net electric field at point A. <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E}=\vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2} = &lt;-2.97\hat{i}+0\hat{j}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> * The Superposition Principle is important because it makes your life easier in Physics. You can make assumptions based on the fact that the net field at any location is equal to the sum of all the invidiual fields. You don't know one of the individual fields, but know the net field? Simple subtraction can help you calculate each individual field. Imagine if all Electric Fields influenced each other? It'd be really difficult to calculate net electric fields without a complicated equation that takes into account one field as a function of another. yuck. Thank the Physics Gods for the Superposition Principle. <br /> <br /> How is it connected to your major?<br /> * Since the Superposition Principle can be applied to circuits, and since Biomedical Engineering sometimes create medical device that require circuity, knowing how to create a circuit and calculate the electric field with the superposition principle is an important tool to have. <br /> <br /> Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> * In [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=1479978 this] study, the Superposition Principle was used to analyze Solar Cells.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Daniel Bernouilli, in 1753, first proposed the idea of the Superposition Principle. He stated that &quot;The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.&quot; His claim was rejected by mathematicians Leonhard Euler, and Joseph Lagrange. However they were eventually proved wrong by Joseph Fourier and it is now the concept you see today.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> *[[Coulomb's Law]]<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> *[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> *[https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/electric-charge-and-field-17/coulomb-s-law-135/superposition-of-forces-483-853/ Additional Textbook Explanation]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/physics/chapter17section4.rhtml Sparknotes Explanation]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Superposition_Principle This guy who made a Superposition principle on this wiki even though I already made one]<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1TXN1M9t18 Instructional video on how to calculate the net electric field using the superposition principle]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> Chabay, Ruth W.; Sherwood, Bruce A. (2014-12-23). Matter and Interactions, 4th Edition: 1-2 (Page 522). Wiley. Kindle Edition.<br /> <br /> [[Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23891 2016-11-24T20:14:23Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> <br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math.<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Right-Hand_Rule&diff=23890 2016-11-24T20:14:09Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''CLAIMED BY AMIRA ABADIR (Spring 2016)'''<br /> '''CLAIMED BY Kavin Somu (Fall 2016)'''<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is an easy way to find the direction of a cross product interaction before doing the math.<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Right-Hand Rule is mathamatically modeled by the cross product:<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{u\times v}=(u_2v_3\mathbf{i}+u_3v_1\mathbf{j}+u_1v_2\mathbf{k})<br /> -(u_3v_2\mathbf{i}+u_1v_3\mathbf{j}+u_2v_1\mathbf{k})<br /> &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> The cross product is used to describe many magnetic interactions, for example, magnetic field created by a moving charge or a current and magnetic force on a particle by a magnetic field. Because of this, using the right hand rule, to determine the direction of a cross product, can be a useful to check behind the math for sign errors.<br /> <br /> Follow the chart bellow to find which fingers correspond to which vectors.<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{A\times B}=\mathbf{C}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=wikitable<br /> |- <br /> ! Vector !! Right-hand !! Right-hand (alternative)<br /> |- <br /> | A || First or index || Thumb<br /> |- <br /> | B || Second finger or palm || First or index<br /> |- <br /> | C || Thumb || Second finger or palm<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Another method for determining the direction of the product orthogonal vector is to place the fingers of your right hand in the direction of the first vector(A). Curl your fingers in the direction of the second vector(B), effectively making the &quot;thumbs up&quot; sign in whichever direction the thumb happens to be pointing. The resulting vector(C) is in the direction in which your thumb is now pointing.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Force on a Moving Particle===<br /> :&lt;math&gt;\mathbf{F} = q\mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the momentum vector qv.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a positively charged particle moving to the right, in a region where the magnetic field points up, the resultant force points out of the page.<br /> <br /> ===Magnetic Field made by a Current===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{B} = \frac{\mu_0I}{4\pi}\int_{\mathrm{wire}}\frac{\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell} \times \mathbf{\hat r}}{r^2},&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The thumb points in the direction of current I.<br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the observation vector r.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving out of the page, the magnetic field points up, when the observation location is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ===Force on a Current from a Magnetic Field===<br /> :&lt;math&gt; \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{I} \times \mathbf{B}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> The direction of the cross product may be found by application of the right hand rule as follows: <br /> # The index finger points in the direction of the current I.<br /> # The middle finger points in the direction of the magnetic field vector B.<br /> # The thumb points in the direction of magnetic force F.<br /> <br /> For example, for a current moving into the page, in a region where the magnetic field points up, then the force is to the right of the current.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule<br /> #https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field<br /> <br /> <br /> --[[User:Cjacobson7|Cjacobson7]] ([[User talk:Cjacobson7|talk]]) 13:45, 10 November 2015 (EST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Superposition_principle&diff=23887 2016-11-24T05:49:26Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Claimed by Abhinav Sundaresan: March 15, 2016'''<br /> <br /> '''Claimed by Kavin Somu Fall 2016'''<br /> <br /> This topic covers the Superposition Principle. This was the first and original article on this topic (also the best).<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> The superposition principle essentially states that in a given closed system, the 'reaction' of an object to outside forces is the sum of the outside force acting on it. These forces can act along multiple dimensions, therefore meaning that vector notation will be needed.<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The net electric field due to two or more charges is the vector sum of each field due to each individual charge. This not only applies to Electric Fields, but Magnetic Fields as well. It is important to note that in the superposition principle, the electric field caused by a charge is not affected by the presence of other charges. <br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;F(x_1+x_2)=F(x_1)+F(x_2) \,&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> :&lt;math&gt;F(a x)=a F(x) \,&lt;/math&gt;&amp;nbsp;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a python program that calculates and displays the electric as well as magnetic field at a specific observation location for a '''moving dipole'''. The dipole is a negative and positive charge ''q'' and distance ''s''. Write a porgram that will use the given constants to do this.<br /> <br /> # GlowScript 2.0 VPython<br /> <br /> magconstant = 1e-7<br /> oofpez = 9e9<br /> q=1.6e-19<br /> s = 1e-9<br /> pluscharge = sphere(pos=vector(-5*s, 0,-s/2), radius=1e-10, color=color.red)<br /> minuscharge = sphere(pos=vector(-5*s, 0, s/2), radius=1e-10, color=color.blue)<br /> velocity = vector(4e4,0,0) # The dipoles cm velocity # The dipoles cm velocity<br /> robs = vector(0,s,0)<br /> <br /> # Initializes two arrows (E and B) at the observation location<br /> E = arrow(pos = robs, axis=vector(0,0,0), color = color.cyan)<br /> B = arrow(pos = robs, axis=vector(0,0,0), color = color.magenta)<br /> <br /> # Loop that updates dipole position as well as electric and magnetic field<br /> dt = 1e-18<br /> <br /> while pluscharge.pos.x &lt; 10*s:<br /> <br /> rate(100)<br /> <br /> rplus = robs - pluscharge.pos<br /> rplusmag = mag(rplus)<br /> rplushat = norm(rplus)<br /> <br /> Eplus = ((oofpez * q) / (rplusmag ** 2))<br /> Bplus = magconstant * q * cross(velocity, rplushat) / rplusmag ** 2<br /> <br /> rminus = robs - minuscharge.pos<br /> rminusmag = mag(rminus)<br /> rminushat = norm(rminus)<br /> <br /> Eminus = (oofpez * (-q) / (rminus ** 2)) * rminus<br /> Bminus = (magconstant * (-q) * cross(velocity, rminushat)) / (rminushat ** 2)<br /> <br /> #Calculates the new E and B net fields<br /> Enet = Eplus + Eminus<br /> Bnet = Bplus + Bminus<br /> <br /> # Updates the E and B fields arrows<br /> E.axis = Enet<br /> B.axis = Bnet<br /> from visual import * #import the visual module<br /> <br /> rod = cylinder(pos=(0,2,1), axis=(5,0,0), radius=1)<br /> <br /> <br /> Notice that this uses the principle of superposition. The magnetic and electric fields of the two particles in the dipole are added. This determines the net field at the observation location and is therefore a perfect example of superposition.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;300px&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Superposition Principle.JPG| This picture shows the electric field at the location of q3. Note that the Electric Fields of both q1 and q2 were both calculated individually (but do not react because of one another) and summed up to get the net electric field<br /> File:1111.PNG| Even by adding more source charges, the individual electric fields created by each source charge are unaffected by subsequent charges.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> [[File:Electric_Forces_Fields_P1.JPG]]<br /> <br /> Say that we have two positive particles at the above locations. Ignore the charges and distance provided for now. The electric field at the location of the negative charge is &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = &lt;2\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C and &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = &lt;0\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C. What is the net electric field at the location of the electron? Use the principle of superposition.<br /> <br /> ''Answer:''<br /> <br /> Since we know the electric fields from both particles at the point, the superposition principle tells us that we must add the fields together to find the net field. Doing this gives us:<br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} + \vec{E_2} = &lt;2\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C + &lt;math&gt;&lt;0\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> &lt;math&gt; = &lt;2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> Therefore, the net electric field at the electron's location is &lt;math&gt;&lt;2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> === Difficult ===<br /> <br /> [[File:1234556.JPG]]<br /> <br /> If &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; are positive and negative charges with charges of 6 nC and -5 nC respectively, what is the net electric field at point A located at (0,0,0)? Charge &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; is located at (2,-2,0). Charge &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; is located at (5,0,0).<br /> To begin this problem, the first step is to find &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt;, the vectors from the charges to point A as well as their magnitudes:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_1} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-(2\hat{i}+-2\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_1} = -2\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_1}|| = \sqrt{2^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{8}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_2} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-(5\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_2} = -2\hat{i}+0\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_2}|| = \sqrt{-5^2 + 0^2} =\sqrt{25}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Using Coloumb's Law, you get:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_1}{||r_1||^2}\hat{r_1}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{8}&lt;\frac{-2}{\sqrt{8}}\hat{i}+\frac{-2}{\sqrt{8}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;-4.77\hat{i}+4.77\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_2}{||r_2||^2}\hat{r_2}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{5}&lt;\frac{-5}{\sqrt{25}}\hat{i}+\frac{0}{\sqrt{25}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;1.8\hat{i}+0\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Next, you need to add the two electric fields together. Because of the superposition principle, the electric field caused by Q1, does not effect the electric field created by Q2, but both can be summed together to create the net electric field at point A. <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E}=\vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2} = &lt;-2.97\hat{i}+0\hat{j}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> * The Superposition Principle is important because it makes your life easier in Physics. You can make assumptions based on the fact that the net field at any location is equal to the sum of all the invidiual fields. You don't know one of the individual fields, but know the net field? Simple subtraction can help you calculate each individual field. Imagine if all Electric Fields influenced each other? It'd be really difficult to calculate net electric fields without a complicated equation that takes into account one field as a function of another. yuck. Thank the Physics Gods for the Superposition Principle. <br /> <br /> How is it connected to your major?<br /> * Since the Superposition Principle can be applied to circuits, and since Biomedical Engineering sometimes create medical device that require circuity, knowing how to create a circuit and calculate the electric field with the superposition principle is an important tool to have. <br /> <br /> Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> * In [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&amp;arnumber=1479978 this] study, the Superposition Principle was used to analyze Solar Cells.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Daniel Bernouilli, in 1753, first proposed the idea of the Superposition Principle. He stated that &quot;The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.&quot; His claim was rejected by mathematicians Leonhard Euler, and Joseph Lagrange. However they were eventually proved wrong by Joseph Fourier and it is now the concept you see today.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> *[[Coulomb's Law]]<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> *[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> *[https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/electric-charge-and-field-17/coulomb-s-law-135/superposition-of-forces-483-853/ Additional Textbook Explanation]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/physics/chapter17section4.rhtml Sparknotes Explanation]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Superposition_Principle This guy who made a Superposition principle on this wiki even though I already made one]<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1TXN1M9t18 Instructional video on how to calculate the net electric field using the superposition principle]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> Chabay, Ruth W.; Sherwood, Bruce A. (2014-12-23). Matter and Interactions, 4th Edition: 1-2 (Page 522). Wiley. Kindle Edition.<br /> <br /> [[Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Superposition_Principle&diff=23886 2016-11-24T05:48:54Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>The Superposition Principle states that the net result of multiple vectors acting on a given place and time is equal to the vector sum of each individual vector. For intro physics, this mostly relates to effect that multiple electric or magnetic fields and forces have on a certain location.<br /> Claimed by [[User:Jvotaw3|Jvotaw3]] ([[User talk:Jvotaw3|talk]])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Superposition Principle is derived from the properities of additivity and homogeneity for linear systems which are defined by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;F(x_1 + x_2) = F(x_1) + F(x_2)\quad Additivity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;aF(x) = F(ax)\quad Homogeneity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> for a scalar value of a. The principle can be applied to any linear system and can be used to find the net result of functions, vectors, vector fields, etc. For the topic of introductory physics, it will mainly apply to vectors and vector fields such as electric forces and fields.<br /> <br /> If given a number of vectors passing through a certain point, the resultant vector is given by simply adding all the the vectors at that point. For example, for a number of uniform electric fields passing though a single point, the resulting electric field at that point is given by <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E}_{1} + \vec{E}_{2} +...+ \vec{E}_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^n\vec{E}_{i}&lt;/math&gt; <br /> <br /> and this same concept can be applied to electric forces as well as to magnetic fields and forces. This is more useful when dealing with the effect that multiple point charges have on each other is an area of void of other electric fields. The resultant electric field for at a point for a system of point charges is given by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{q_i}{r_i^2}\hat{r_i}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> This approach can be applied to any other sources of electric or magnetic field or force by simply adding together the each of the vectors at a specific point<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Two Point Charges and Two Dimensions===<br /> [[File:BrooksEx1.png]]<br /> If &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; are positive point charges with a charge of e, what is the net electric field at point P?<br /> <br /> To begin this problem, the first step is to find &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt;, the vectors from the charges to point P as well as their magnitudes:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(0\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_1}|| = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{13}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_2} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(4\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_2} = -1\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_2}|| = \sqrt{-1^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Using these in the equation for an electric field from a point charge, you get:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_1}{||r_1||^2}\hat{r_1}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{13}&lt;\frac{3}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;9.21E-11\hat{i}+6.14E-11\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_2}{||r_2||^2}\hat{r_2}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{5}&lt;\frac{-1}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+2.58E-10\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Then, simply add the two electric fields together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E}=\vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2} = &lt;-3.69E-11\hat{i}+3.19E-10\hat{j}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Five Point Charges and Three Dimensions===<br /> [[File:brooksEx2.png]]<br /> If all point charges have a charge of e, what the the net electric field present at point L?<br /> <br /> This problem is similar to the previous example but the now includes the z axis and more points. Since there are 5 points, we'll only focus on one, but work through the whole problem. Again, first each vector and magnitude:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{d_5} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}-(2\hat{i}-1\hat{j}-1\hat{k})-\Rightarrow\vec{d_5} = -2\hat{i}+1\hat{j}+1\hat{k}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{d_5}|| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 1^2 + 1^2} = 2&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Do the same for each of the other point charges and plug them into the electric field formula:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_5} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_5}{||d_5||^2}\hat{d_5}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{4}&lt;\frac{-2}{2}\hat{i}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{k}&gt; = &lt;-3.6E-10\hat{i}+1.8E-10\hat{j}+1.8E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Doing the same steps for the other electric fields and add them all together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = &lt;1.44E-9\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = &lt;0\hat{i}-1.44E-9\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_3} = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+2.58E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_4} = &lt;0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-1.44E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2}+\vec{E_3}+\vec{E_4}+\vec{E_5}=&lt;9.51E-10\hat{i}-1.26E-9\hat{j}+1.00E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> The superposition principle was supposedly first stated by [[Daniel Bernoulli]], a famous scientist known for his work in fluid mechanics, statistics, and the Bernoulli Principle. He stated that, &quot;The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.&quot;, in 1753. This idea was at first rejected by some other popular scientists until it became widely accepted due to the work of Joseph Fourier, a famous scientist known for his work on the Fourier Series for use in heat transfer and vibrations as well as credited for discovery of the Greenhouse Effect.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> **[[Point Charge]]<br /> **[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [http://physics-help.info/physicsguide/electricity/electric_field.shtml]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier]<br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Superposition_Principle&diff=23885 2016-11-24T05:48:44Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Claimed by Kavin Somu Fall 2016'''<br /> <br /> The Superposition Principle states that the net result of multiple vectors acting on a given place and time is equal to the vector sum of each individual vector. For intro physics, this mostly relates to effect that multiple electric or magnetic fields and forces have on a certain location.<br /> Claimed by [[User:Jvotaw3|Jvotaw3]] ([[User talk:Jvotaw3|talk]])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Superposition Principle is derived from the properities of additivity and homogeneity for linear systems which are defined by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;F(x_1 + x_2) = F(x_1) + F(x_2)\quad Additivity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;aF(x) = F(ax)\quad Homogeneity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> for a scalar value of a. The principle can be applied to any linear system and can be used to find the net result of functions, vectors, vector fields, etc. For the topic of introductory physics, it will mainly apply to vectors and vector fields such as electric forces and fields.<br /> <br /> If given a number of vectors passing through a certain point, the resultant vector is given by simply adding all the the vectors at that point. For example, for a number of uniform electric fields passing though a single point, the resulting electric field at that point is given by <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E}_{1} + \vec{E}_{2} +...+ \vec{E}_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^n\vec{E}_{i}&lt;/math&gt; <br /> <br /> and this same concept can be applied to electric forces as well as to magnetic fields and forces. This is more useful when dealing with the effect that multiple point charges have on each other is an area of void of other electric fields. The resultant electric field for at a point for a system of point charges is given by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{q_i}{r_i^2}\hat{r_i}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> This approach can be applied to any other sources of electric or magnetic field or force by simply adding together the each of the vectors at a specific point<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Two Point Charges and Two Dimensions===<br /> [[File:BrooksEx1.png]]<br /> If &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; are positive point charges with a charge of e, what is the net electric field at point P?<br /> <br /> To begin this problem, the first step is to find &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt;, the vectors from the charges to point P as well as their magnitudes:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(0\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_1}|| = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{13}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_2} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(4\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_2} = -1\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_2}|| = \sqrt{-1^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Using these in the equation for an electric field from a point charge, you get:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_1}{||r_1||^2}\hat{r_1}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{13}&lt;\frac{3}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;9.21E-11\hat{i}+6.14E-11\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_2}{||r_2||^2}\hat{r_2}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{5}&lt;\frac{-1}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+2.58E-10\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Then, simply add the two electric fields together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E}=\vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2} = &lt;-3.69E-11\hat{i}+3.19E-10\hat{j}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Five Point Charges and Three Dimensions===<br /> [[File:brooksEx2.png]]<br /> If all point charges have a charge of e, what the the net electric field present at point L?<br /> <br /> This problem is similar to the previous example but the now includes the z axis and more points. Since there are 5 points, we'll only focus on one, but work through the whole problem. Again, first each vector and magnitude:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{d_5} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}-(2\hat{i}-1\hat{j}-1\hat{k})-\Rightarrow\vec{d_5} = -2\hat{i}+1\hat{j}+1\hat{k}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{d_5}|| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 1^2 + 1^2} = 2&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Do the same for each of the other point charges and plug them into the electric field formula:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_5} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_5}{||d_5||^2}\hat{d_5}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{4}&lt;\frac{-2}{2}\hat{i}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{k}&gt; = &lt;-3.6E-10\hat{i}+1.8E-10\hat{j}+1.8E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Doing the same steps for the other electric fields and add them all together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = &lt;1.44E-9\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = &lt;0\hat{i}-1.44E-9\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_3} = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+2.58E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_4} = &lt;0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-1.44E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2}+\vec{E_3}+\vec{E_4}+\vec{E_5}=&lt;9.51E-10\hat{i}-1.26E-9\hat{j}+1.00E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> The superposition principle was supposedly first stated by [[Daniel Bernoulli]], a famous scientist known for his work in fluid mechanics, statistics, and the Bernoulli Principle. He stated that, &quot;The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.&quot;, in 1753. This idea was at first rejected by some other popular scientists until it became widely accepted due to the work of Joseph Fourier, a famous scientist known for his work on the Fourier Series for use in heat transfer and vibrations as well as credited for discovery of the Greenhouse Effect.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> **[[Point Charge]]<br /> **[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [http://physics-help.info/physicsguide/electricity/electric_field.shtml]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier]<br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Superposition_Principle&diff=23884 2016-11-24T05:48:28Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>The Superposition Principle states that the net result of multiple vectors acting on a given place and time is equal to the vector sum of each individual vector. For intro physics, this mostly relates to effect that multiple electric or magnetic fields and forces have on a certain location.<br /> Claimed by [[User:Jvotaw3|Jvotaw3]] ([[User talk:Jvotaw3|talk]])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Superposition Principle is derived from the properities of additivity and homogeneity for linear systems which are defined by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;F(x_1 + x_2) = F(x_1) + F(x_2)\quad Additivity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;aF(x) = F(ax)\quad Homogeneity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> for a scalar value of a. The principle can be applied to any linear system and can be used to find the net result of functions, vectors, vector fields, etc. For the topic of introductory physics, it will mainly apply to vectors and vector fields such as electric forces and fields.<br /> <br /> If given a number of vectors passing through a certain point, the resultant vector is given by simply adding all the the vectors at that point. For example, for a number of uniform electric fields passing though a single point, the resulting electric field at that point is given by <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E}_{1} + \vec{E}_{2} +...+ \vec{E}_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^n\vec{E}_{i}&lt;/math&gt; <br /> <br /> and this same concept can be applied to electric forces as well as to magnetic fields and forces. This is more useful when dealing with the effect that multiple point charges have on each other is an area of void of other electric fields. The resultant electric field for at a point for a system of point charges is given by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{q_i}{r_i^2}\hat{r_i}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> This approach can be applied to any other sources of electric or magnetic field or force by simply adding together the each of the vectors at a specific point<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Two Point Charges and Two Dimensions===<br /> [[File:BrooksEx1.png]]<br /> If &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; are positive point charges with a charge of e, what is the net electric field at point P?<br /> <br /> To begin this problem, the first step is to find &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt;, the vectors from the charges to point P as well as their magnitudes:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(0\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_1}|| = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{13}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_2} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(4\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_2} = -1\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_2}|| = \sqrt{-1^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Using these in the equation for an electric field from a point charge, you get:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_1}{||r_1||^2}\hat{r_1}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{13}&lt;\frac{3}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;9.21E-11\hat{i}+6.14E-11\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_2}{||r_2||^2}\hat{r_2}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{5}&lt;\frac{-1}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+2.58E-10\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Then, simply add the two electric fields together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E}=\vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2} = &lt;-3.69E-11\hat{i}+3.19E-10\hat{j}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Five Point Charges and Three Dimensions===<br /> [[File:brooksEx2.png]]<br /> If all point charges have a charge of e, what the the net electric field present at point L?<br /> <br /> This problem is similar to the previous example but the now includes the z axis and more points. Since there are 5 points, we'll only focus on one, but work through the whole problem. Again, first each vector and magnitude:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{d_5} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}-(2\hat{i}-1\hat{j}-1\hat{k})-\Rightarrow\vec{d_5} = -2\hat{i}+1\hat{j}+1\hat{k}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{d_5}|| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 1^2 + 1^2} = 2&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Do the same for each of the other point charges and plug them into the electric field formula:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_5} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_5}{||d_5||^2}\hat{d_5}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{4}&lt;\frac{-2}{2}\hat{i}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{k}&gt; = &lt;-3.6E-10\hat{i}+1.8E-10\hat{j}+1.8E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Doing the same steps for the other electric fields and add them all together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = &lt;1.44E-9\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = &lt;0\hat{i}-1.44E-9\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_3} = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+2.58E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_4} = &lt;0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-1.44E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2}+\vec{E_3}+\vec{E_4}+\vec{E_5}=&lt;9.51E-10\hat{i}-1.26E-9\hat{j}+1.00E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> The superposition principle was supposedly first stated by [[Daniel Bernoulli]], a famous scientist known for his work in fluid mechanics, statistics, and the Bernoulli Principle. He stated that, &quot;The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.&quot;, in 1753. This idea was at first rejected by some other popular scientists until it became widely accepted due to the work of Joseph Fourier, a famous scientist known for his work on the Fourier Series for use in heat transfer and vibrations as well as credited for discovery of the Greenhouse Effect.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> **[[Point Charge]]<br /> **[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [http://physics-help.info/physicsguide/electricity/electric_field.shtml]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier]<br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Superposition_Principle&diff=23883 2016-11-24T05:47:26Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Claimed by Kavin Somu Fall 2016'''<br /> <br /> The Superposition Principle states that the net result of multiple vectors acting on a given place and time is equal to the vector sum of each individual vector. For intro physics, this mostly relates to effect that multiple electric or magnetic fields and forces have on a certain location.<br /> Claimed by [[User:Jvotaw3|Jvotaw3]] ([[User talk:Jvotaw3|talk]])<br /> <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> The Superposition Principle is derived from the properities of additivity and homogeneity for linear systems which are defined by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;F(x_1 + x_2) = F(x_1) + F(x_2)\quad Additivity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;aF(x) = F(ax)\quad Homogeneity&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> for a scalar value of a. The principle can be applied to any linear system and can be used to find the net result of functions, vectors, vector fields, etc. For the topic of introductory physics, it will mainly apply to vectors and vector fields such as electric forces and fields.<br /> <br /> If given a number of vectors passing through a certain point, the resultant vector is given by simply adding all the the vectors at that point. For example, for a number of uniform electric fields passing though a single point, the resulting electric field at that point is given by <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E}_{1} + \vec{E}_{2} +...+ \vec{E}_{n} = \sum_{i=1}^n\vec{E}_{i}&lt;/math&gt; <br /> <br /> and this same concept can be applied to electric forces as well as to magnetic fields and forces. This is more useful when dealing with the effect that multiple point charges have on each other is an area of void of other electric fields. The resultant electric field for at a point for a system of point charges is given by<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{q_i}{r_i^2}\hat{r_i}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> This approach can be applied to any other sources of electric or magnetic field or force by simply adding together the each of the vectors at a specific point<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Two Point Charges and Two Dimensions===<br /> [[File:BrooksEx1.png]]<br /> If &lt;math&gt;Q_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;Q_2&lt;/math&gt; are positive point charges with a charge of e, what is the net electric field at point P?<br /> <br /> To begin this problem, the first step is to find &lt;math&gt;r_1&lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt;r_2&lt;/math&gt;, the vectors from the charges to point P as well as their magnitudes:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(0\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_1} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_1}|| = \sqrt{3^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{13}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{r_2} = 3\hat{i}+2\hat{j}-(4\hat{i}+0\hat{j})\Rightarrow\vec{r_2} = -1\hat{i}+2\hat{j}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{r_2}|| = \sqrt{-1^2 + 2^2} =\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Using these in the equation for an electric field from a point charge, you get:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_1}{||r_1||^2}\hat{r_1}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{13}&lt;\frac{3}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{13}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;9.21E-11\hat{i}+6.14E-11\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_2}{||r_2||^2}\hat{r_2}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{5}&lt;\frac{-1}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{i}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}\hat{j}&gt; = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+2.58E-10\hat{j}&gt; &lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Then, simply add the two electric fields together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E}=\vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2} = &lt;-3.69E-11\hat{i}+3.19E-10\hat{j}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Five Point Charges and Three Dimensions===<br /> [[File:brooksEx2.png]]<br /> If all point charges have a charge of e, what the the net electric field present at point L?<br /> <br /> This problem is similar to the previous example but the now includes the z axis and more points. Since there are 5 points, we'll only focus on one, but work through the whole problem. Again, first each vector and magnitude:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{d_5} = 0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}-(2\hat{i}-1\hat{j}-1\hat{k})-\Rightarrow\vec{d_5} = -2\hat{i}+1\hat{j}+1\hat{k}&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;||\vec{d_5}|| = \sqrt{(-2)^2 + 1^2 + 1^2} = 2&lt;/math&gt;<br /> <br /> Do the same for each of the other point charges and plug them into the electric field formula:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_5} = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q_5}{||d_5||^2}\hat{d_5}=\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{e}{4}&lt;\frac{-2}{2}\hat{i}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{j}+\frac{1}{2}\hat{k}&gt; = &lt;-3.6E-10\hat{i}+1.8E-10\hat{j}+1.8E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> Doing the same steps for the other electric fields and add them all together:<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_1} = &lt;1.44E-9\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_2} = &lt;0\hat{i}-1.44E-9\hat{j}+0\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_3} = &lt;-1.29E-10\hat{i}+0\hat{j}+2.58E-10\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E_4} = &lt;0\hat{i}+0\hat{j}-1.44E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> &lt;math&gt;\vec{E} = \vec{E_1}+\vec{E_2}+\vec{E_3}+\vec{E_4}+\vec{E_5}=&lt;9.51E-10\hat{i}-1.26E-9\hat{j}+1.00E-9\hat{k}&gt;&lt;/math&gt;N/C<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> The superposition principle was supposedly first stated by [[Daniel Bernoulli]], a famous scientist known for his work in fluid mechanics, statistics, and the Bernoulli Principle. He stated that, &quot;The general motion of a vibrating system is given by a superposition of its proper vibrations.&quot;, in 1753. This idea was at first rejected by some other popular scientists until it became widely accepted due to the work of Joseph Fourier, a famous scientist known for his work on the Fourier Series for use in heat transfer and vibrations as well as credited for discovery of the Greenhouse Effect.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> **[[Point Charge]]<br /> **[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> [http://physics-help.info/physicsguide/electricity/electric_field.shtml]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superposition_principle]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli]<br /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Fourier]<br /> [[Category:Fields]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=22183 2016-04-17T17:03:20Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal in magnitude. <br /> <br /> [[File:BookForce.JPG|thumb|This is an example of reciprocity. The book is exerting a contact force on the table and the table is exerting a contact force on the book.]]<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> :'''1:'''http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> :'''2:'''Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfuKfbpkIrQ<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> :'''1:''' http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=thirty&amp;story=newton<br /> <br /> :'''2:''' https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.html<br /> <br /> :'''3:''' http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> :'''4:''' Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=22176 2016-04-17T17:00:40Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> [[File:BookForce.JPG|thumb|This is an example of reciprocity. The book is exerting a contact force on the table and the table is exerting a contact force on the book.]]<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> :'''1:'''http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> :'''2:'''Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfuKfbpkIrQ<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> :'''1:''' http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=thirty&amp;story=newton<br /> <br /> :'''2:''' https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.html<br /> <br /> :'''3:''' http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> :'''4:''' Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=22172 2016-04-17T16:59:54Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> [[File:BookForce.JPG|thumb|This is an example of reciprocity. The book is exerting a contact force on the table and the table is exerting a contact force on the book.]]<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> :'''1:'''http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> :'''2:'''Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfuKfbpkIrQ<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> :'''1:''' http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=thirty&amp;story=newton<br /> <br /> :'''2:''' https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.html<br /> <br /> :'''3:''' http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> :'''4:''' Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21924 2016-04-17T02:27:31Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> [[File:BookForce.JPG|thumb|This is an example of reciprocity. The book is exerting a contact force on the table and the table is exerting a contact force on the book.]]<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfuKfbpkIrQ<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=thirty&amp;story=newton<br /> <br /> https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.html<br /> <br /> http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21922 2016-04-17T02:17:56Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> [[[File:bookForce.jpg]]]<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfuKfbpkIrQ<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=thirty&amp;story=newton<br /> <br /> https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.html<br /> <br /> http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21921 2016-04-17T02:00:21Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfuKfbpkIrQ<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=baldwin&amp;book=thirty&amp;story=newton<br /> <br /> https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2010/01/newtons-apple-the-real-story.html<br /> <br /> http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law<br /> <br /> Matter and Interactions By Ruth W. Chabay, Bruce A. Sherwood - Chapter 3.4<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21920 2016-04-17T01:22:02Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. <br /> <br /> F1on2=-F2on1. <br /> <br /> The vector form of reciprocity is this:<br /> <br /> &lt;F,0,0&gt; is one force.<br /> <br /> &lt;-F,0,0&gt; is the exact same force but in the opposite direction.<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2. The equation on the right side shows the reverse.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21919 2016-04-17T01:09:09Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F1on2=-F2on1. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}::<br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction;<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{F}}_{21}::<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2;<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v<br /> <br /> F2on1-m1gy=0<br /> <br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> <br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21916 2016-04-17T01:06:33Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\<br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction;<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{F}}_{21};<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2;<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> <br /> If you exert 20 N on the table, what would be the normal force of the table on you?<br /> <br /> Since you are exerting 20 Newtons, due to reciprocity the table will be exerting a normal force of '''20''' Newtons.<br /> <br /> ===Middling===<br /> <br /> A 60 kilogram man stands on the surface of the Earth. What is the force Earth exerts on the man? What is the force the man exerts on the Earth?<br /> <br /> 60x9.8=588N. Due to reciprocity 588 is the force on both Earth and the man.<br /> <br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> This problem is from our test.<br /> <br /> Two blocks of mass m1(under rod) and m3(above rod) are connected by a rod of mass m2. A constant unknown force F pulls upward on the top block while both blocks and the rod move upward at a constant velocity v near the surface of the Earth. The direction of the gravitational force on each block points down. Find F1on2, the force exerted by the bottom block on the rod.<br /> <br /> Fnet1=0 due to constant v.<br /> F2on1-m1gy=0.<br /> F2on1=m1gy<br /> F1on2=-m1gy<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21893 2016-04-17T00:24:02Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\<br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction;<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{F}}_{21};<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2;<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21842 2016-04-16T20:54:06Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\;<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction;<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{F}}_{21};<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2;<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was a child, one day he was resting under an apple tree when suddenly an apple fell on his head. He thought about why things fall down and not fall back up. He spent years figuring out the phenomenon. After all this, he came up with three laws of motion. This is when he discovered gravitation as a force. Where Newton's Law comes into play is that the Earth is exerting a force on us to stay with it since closer objects exert stronger forces on each other. We are also exerting a force on Earth so that we stay on the ground and don't go flying off. The date of this story is not known, and some even believe it to be a myth. However William Stukeley, author of ''Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton's Life'' noted that he had a conversation with Newton and Newton talked about why an apple falls to the ground due to gravitational interaction.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21807 2016-04-16T19:49:09Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\;<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction;<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{F}}_{21};<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2;<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. An important industry that deals with this is the automobile industry. If we understand the forces of the wheels on the road, we will know how to make wheels that best suit an automobile. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21806 2016-04-16T19:45:07Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\;<br /> <br /> <br /> This is the equation in vector format. When the vector of one force is in one direction. Usually, the vector is in the other direction;<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{F}}_{21};<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2;<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> # The first physics I ever learned was Newtons laws. Before heading into any science class, I always thought, every reaction gets an equal and opposite reaction. I didnt really understand it. That is a fundamental principle that we use in almost all physics problems. It has been test questions and homework questions. The thing that intrigues me the most is how an ant can be pushing against a rhino and though the rhino is so much bigger, they are still exerting the same force.<br /> #I am an industrial engineering major and though there is very minimal use of physics in that field, I do believe it is something that will help us go about our days knowing that force isn't how much effort you put in but about the action reaction pairs.<br /> #Forces are something we deal with everyday. Everything we touch, me typing this page right now is all the result of forces. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21797 2016-04-16T19:26:49Z

<p>Ksomu3: /* A Mathematical Model */</p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;\vec{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= vec{\mathbf{-F}}_{21}<br /> <br /> This equation on the left side. shows that object one is acting on object 2<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21779 2016-04-16T18:57:52Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> Here is a formulaic representation of reciprocity. F12=-F21. This shows that<br /> <br /> ::&lt;math&gt;{\mathbf{F}}_{12}= {\mathbf{-F}}_{21}\<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21747 2016-04-16T18:29:13Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=21743 2016-04-16T18:20:21Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. This idea comes from Newton's Third Law of Motion. Forces are results of interactions. If i put my hand on a table, I am exerting a contact force on the table, but at the same time the table is using a exerting force on me. Though it seems like I am putting in more effort, the forces are the same. Forces come in pairs. The two forces are called &quot;action&quot; and &quot;reaction&quot; pairs. When forces are in these pairs, the magnitude of the two forces equal each other. However, in vector form, the two forces would be in opposite directions of each other, so one force would have a negative sign on it. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=20990 2016-04-12T05:02:23Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> Reciprocity is the idea that the force object 1 exerts on object 2 is the same as the force object 2 exerts on object 1. Both forces have equal magnitude but are in opposite directions. This is the premise of Newton's Third Law of Motion. <br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=20989 2016-04-12T04:53:37Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> This topic covers why forces on each other are equal. <br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic<br /> Electric Field of Capacitor<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=20988 2016-04-12T04:51:10Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3<br /> <br /> Short Description of Topic<br /> <br /> ==The Main Idea==<br /> <br /> State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic<br /> Electric Field of Capacitor<br /> <br /> ===A Mathematical Model===<br /> <br /> What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example &lt;math&gt;{\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net}&lt;/math&gt; where '''p''' is the momentum of the system and '''F''' is the net force from the surroundings.<br /> <br /> ===A Computational Model===<br /> <br /> How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]<br /> <br /> ==Examples==<br /> <br /> Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible<br /> <br /> ===Simple===<br /> ===Middling===<br /> ===Difficult===<br /> <br /> ==Connectedness==<br /> #How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?<br /> #How is it connected to your major?<br /> #Is there an interesting industrial application?<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?<br /> <br /> ===Further reading===<br /> <br /> Books, Articles or other print media on this topic<br /> <br /> ===External links===<br /> <br /> Internet resources on this topic<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> This section contains the the references you used while writing this page<br /> <br /> [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Reciprocity&diff=20987 2016-04-12T04:47:06Z

<p>Ksomu3: </p> <hr /> <div>claimed by ksomu3</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=20985 2016-04-12T04:46:21Z

<p>Ksomu3: /* Fundamental Interactions */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Introductory Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it for future students!<br /> <br /> Looking to make a contribution?<br /> #Pick one of the topics from intro physics listed below<br /> #Add content to that topic or improve the quality of what is already there.<br /> #Need to make a new topic? Edit this page and add it to the list under the appropriate category. Then copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.<br /> <br /> Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.<br /> <br /> == Source Material ==<br /> All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).<br /> * A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]<br /> * A wiki written for students by a physics expert [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes MSU Physics Wiki]<br /> * A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]<br /> * The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]<br /> * An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]<br /> * Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]<br /> * OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]<br /> * The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]<br /> * A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]<br /> <br /> == Organizing Categories ==<br /> These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in three semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories as needed but a single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these categories.<br /> <br /> == Resources ==<br /> * Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]<br /> * A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]<br /> * A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]<br /> * A page for review of [[Vectors]] and vector operations<br /> * A listing of [[Notable Scientist]] with links to their individual pages <br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;&quot;&gt;<br /> ==Physics 1==<br /> ===Week 1===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Help with VPython=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[VPython]]<br /> *[[VPython basics]]<br /> *[[VPython Common Errors and Troubleshooting]]<br /> *[[VPython Functions]]<br /> *[[VPython Lists]]<br /> *[[VPython Loops]]<br /> *[[VPython Multithreading]]<br /> *[[VPython Animation]]<br /> *[[VPython Objects]]<br /> *[[VPython 3D Objects]]<br /> *[[VPython Reference]]<br /> *[[VPython MapReduceFilter]]<br /> *[[VPython GUIs]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Vectors and Units=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Vectors]]<br /> *[[SI units]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Interactions=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Velocity and Momentum=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Newton’s First Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Velocity]]<br /> *[[Mass]]<br /> *[[Speed and Velocity]]<br /> *[[Relative Velocity]]<br /> *[[Derivation of Average Velocity]]<br /> *[[2-Dimensional Motion]]<br /> *[[3-Dimensional Position and Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:vpython_resources Software for Projects]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 2===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Momentum and the Momentum Principle=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Momentum Principle]]<br /> *[[Inertia]]<br /> *[[Net Force]]<br /> *[[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]<br /> *[[Impulse Momentum]]<br /> *[[Acceleration]]<br /> *[[Momentum with respect to external Forces]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Iterative Prediction with a Constant Force=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Newton’s Second Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Iterative Prediction]]<br /> *[[Kinematics]]<br /> *[[Newton’s Laws and Linear Momentum]]<br /> *[[Projectile Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:scalars_and_vectors Scalars and Vectors]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:displacement_and_velocity Displacement and Velocity]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:modeling_with_vpython Modeling Motion with VPython]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:relative_motion Relative Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:graphing_motion Graphing Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:momentum Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:momentum_principle The Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:acceleration Acceleration &amp; The Change in Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:motionPredict Applying the Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:constantF Constant Force Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:iterativePredict Iterative Prediction of Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:mp_multi The Momentum Principle in Multi-particle Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:angular_motivation Why Angular Momentum?]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ang_momentum Angular Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque &amp; The Angular Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_conservation Angular Momentum Conservation]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 3===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Analytic Prediction with a Constant Force=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Analytical Prediction]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Iterative Prediction with a Varying Force=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]<br /> *[[Spring Force]]<br /> *[[Hooke’s Law]]<br /> *[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]<br /> *[[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]<br /> *[[Terminal Speed]]<br /> *[[Determinism]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:drag Drag]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ucm Uniform Circular Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:impulseGraphs Impulse Graphs]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:springMotion Non-constant Force: Springs &amp; Spring-like Interactions]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:friction Contact Interactions: The Normal Force &amp; Friction]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 4===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Fundamental Interactions=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Gravitational Force]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Reciprocity]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 5===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Conservation of Momentum=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Conservation of Momentum]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Properties of Matter=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Kinds of Matter]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]<br /> *[[Density]]<br /> *[[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]<br /> *[[Young’s Modulus]]<br /> *[[Speed of Sound in Solids]]<br /> *[[Malleability]]<br /> *[[Ductility]]<br /> *[[Weight]]<br /> *[[Hardness]]<br /> *[[Boiling Point]]<br /> *[[Melting Point]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:model_of_a_wire Modeling a Solid Wire: springs in series and parallel]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 6===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Identifying Forces=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Free Body Diagram]]<br /> *[[Compression or Normal Force]]<br /> *[[Tension]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Curving Motion=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Curving Motion]]<br /> *[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]<br /> *[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_accel Gravitational Acceleration]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ucm Uniform Circular Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:freebodydiagrams Free Body Diagrams]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:curving_motion Curved Motion]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 7===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Energy Principle=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[The Energy Principle]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Energy]]<br /> *[[Kinetic Energy]]<br /> *[[Work]]<br /> *[[Power (Mechanical)]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:define_energy What is Energy?]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:point_particle The Simplest System: A Single Particle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:work Work: Mechanical Energy Transfer]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_cons Conservation of Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:potential_energy Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:force_and_PE Force and Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 8===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Work by Non-Constant Forces=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Work Done By A Nonconstant Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Potential Energy=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Potential Energy]]<br /> *[[Potential Energy of Macroscopic Springs]]<br /> *[[Spring Potential Energy]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model]]<br /> *[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]<br /> *[[Energy Graphs]]<br /> *[[Escape Velocity]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:work_by_nc_forces Work Done by Non-Constant Forces]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:potential_energy Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rest_mass Changes of Rest Mass Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:force_and_PE Force and Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_pe_graphs Graphing Energy for Gravitationally Interacting Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:power Power: The Rate of Energy Change]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 9===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Multiparticle Systems=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Center of Mass]]<br /> *[[Multi-particle analysis of Momentum]]<br /> *[[Momentum with respect to external Forces]]<br /> *[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]<br /> *[[Work and Energy for an Extended System]]<br /> *[[Internal Energy]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:mp_multi The Momentum Principle in Multi-particle Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_sep Separating Energy in Multi-Particle Systems]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 10===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Choice of System=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[System &amp; Surroundings]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Thermal Energy, Dissipation and Transfer of Energy=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Thermal Energy]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat]]<br /> *[[Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[First Law of Thermodynamics]]<br /> *[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]<br /> *[[Temperature]]<br /> *[[Predicting Change]]<br /> *[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]<br /> *[[Transformation of Energy]]<br /> *[[The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution]]<br /> *[[Air Resistance]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Rotational and Vibrational Energy=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rest_mass Changes of Rest Mass Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_pe_graphs Graphing Energy for Gravitationally Interacting Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:escape_speed Escape Speed]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:internal_energy Internal Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:system_choice Choosing a System Matters]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 11===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Different Models of a System=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Real Systems]]<br /> *[[Point Particle Systems]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Models of Friction=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Friction]]<br /> *[[Static Friction]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:system_choice Choosing a System Matters]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 12===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Collisions=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Newton’s Third Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Collisions]]<br /> *[[Collisions 2]]<br /> *[[Elastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Inelastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]<br /> *[[Scattering: Collisions in 2D and 3D]]<br /> *[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Coefficient of Restitution]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:collisions Colliding Objects]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rot_KE Rotational Kinetic Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:pp_vs_real Point Particle and Real Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:colliding_systems Collisions]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 13===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Rotations=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Rotation]]<br /> *[[Angular Velocity]]<br /> *[[Eulerian Angles]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Angular Momentum=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Total Angular Momentum]]<br /> *[[Translational Angular Momentum]]<br /> *[[Rotational Angular Momentum]]<br /> *[[The Angular Momentum Principle]]<br /> *[[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]<br /> *[[Angular Impulse]]<br /> *[[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]<br /> *[[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]<br /> *[[The Moments of Inertia]]<br /> *[[Moment of Inertia for a cylinder]]<br /> *[[Right Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rot_KE Rotational Kinetic Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:angular_motivation Why Angular Momentum?]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ang_momentum Angular Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque &amp; The Angular Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_conservation Angular Momentum Conservation]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> ===Week 14===<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Analyzing Motion with and without Torque=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Torque]]<br /> *[[Torque 2]]<br /> *[[Systems with Zero Torque]]<br /> *[[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]<br /> *[[Torque vs Work]]<br /> *[[Gyroscopes]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:discovery_of_the_nucleus Discovery of the Nucleus]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:torque Torques Cause Changes in Rotation]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque &amp; The Angular Momentum Principle]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 15===<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Introduction to Quantum Concepts=====<br /> &lt;div \class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Bohr Model]]<br /> *[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]<br /> *[[Quantized energy levels]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:discovery_of_the_nucleus Discovery of the Nucleus]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;div style=“float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;”&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Physics 2==<br /> ===Week 1===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====3D Vectors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Page claimed by Laura Winalski]]*<br /> *[[Vectors]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> *[[Right Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Electric field====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric force====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Electric Force]] Claimed by Amarachi Eze<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Electric field of a point particle====<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Point Charge]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Bold text'''====Superposition====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Superposition Principle]]<br /> *[[Superposition principle]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Dipoles====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> Claimed by Trevor Craport <br /> *[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Dipole]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 2===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Interactions of charged objects====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Tape experiments====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> *[[Electric Polarization]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Polarization====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> *[[Electric Polarization]]<br /> *[[Polarization of an Atom]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 3===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Insulators====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Insulators]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Conductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Conductivity]]<br /> *[[Charge Transfer]]<br /> *[[Resistivity]]<br /> *[[Polarization of a conductor]]<br /> *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Charging and discharging====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charge Transfer]]<br /> *[[Electrostatic Discharge]]<br /> *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 4===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Field of a charged rod====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charged Rod]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Field of a charged ring/disk/capacitor====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charged Ring]]<br /> *[[Charged Disk]]<br /> *[[Charged Capacitor]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Field of a charged sphere====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charged Spherical Shell]]<br /> *[[Field of a Charged Ball]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 5===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Potential energy====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Potential Energy]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric potential====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Potential DIfference Path Independence]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference of Point Charge in a Non-Uniform Field]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Sign of a potential difference====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Sign of Potential Difference, claimed by Tyler Quill]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> == Claimed by Tyler Quill ==<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Potential at a single location====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference at One Location]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Path independence and round trip potential====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Potential DIfference Path Independence]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 6===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric field and potential in an insulator====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Moving charges in a magnetic field====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Biot-Savart Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Biot-Savart Law]]<br /> *[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Moving charges, electron current, and conventional current====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Moving Point Charge]]<br /> *[[Current]]<br /> *[[Conventional Current]]*<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 7===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic field of a wire====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic field of a current-carrying loop====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic dipoles====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]<br /> *[[Bar Magnet]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Atomic structure of magnets====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Atomic Structure of Magnets]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 8===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Steady state current====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Steady State]]<br /> *[[Non Steady State]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Node rule====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric fields and energy in circuits====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Series circuit]]<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> *[[Loop Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Macroscopic analysis of circuits====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Series Circuits]]<br /> *[[Parallel CIrcuits]]<br /> *[[Parallel Circuits vs. Series Circuits*]]<br /> *[[Loop Rule]]<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 9===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric field and potential in circuits with capacitors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]<br /> *[[RC Circuit]]<br /> *[[R Circuit]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic forces on charges and currents====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> *[[Applying Magnetic Force to Currents]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force in a Moving Reference Frame]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric and magnetic forces====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Velocity selector====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> *[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 10===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====The Hall effect====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Hall Effect]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Motional EMF====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Motional Emf]]<br /> *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic force====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic torque====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Torque]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 12===<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Gauss's Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]<br /> *[[Gauss's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Flux]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Ampere's Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[The Differential Form of Ampere's Law]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 13===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Semiconductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Semiconductor Devices]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Faraday's Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Lenz's Law]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Maxwell's equations====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Gauss's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Flux]]<br /> *[[Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 14===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Circuits revisited====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Inductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Inductors]]<br /> *[[Current in an LC Circuit]]<br /> *[[RL Circuits]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 15===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Sparks in the air====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Sparks in Air]]<br /> *[[Spark Plugs]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Superconductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Superconducters]]<br /> *[[Superconductors]]<br /> *[[Meissner effect]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Physics 3==<br /> <br /> ===Week 1===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Classical Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 2===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Special Relativity====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Frame of Reference]]<br /> *[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]<br /> *[[Time Dilation]]<br /> *[[Einstein's Theory of General Relativity]]<br /> *[[Albert A. Micheleson &amp; Edward W. Morley]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force in a Moving Reference Frame]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 3===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Photons====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]]<br /> *[[Light Scattering: Why is the Sky Blue]]<br /> *[[Lasers]]<br /> *[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]<br /> *[[Quantum Properties of Light]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 4===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Matter Waves====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Wave-Particle Duality]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 5===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Wave Mechanics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Standing Waves]]<br /> *[[Wavelength]]<br /> *[[Wavelength and Frequency]]<br /> *[[Mechanical Waves]]<br /> *[[Transverse and Longitudinal Waves]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 6===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Rutherford-Bohr Model====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Bohr Model]]<br /> *[[Quantized energy levels]]<br /> *[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 7===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====The Hydrogen Atom====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Quantum Theory]]<br /> *[[Atomic Theory]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 8===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Many-Electron Atoms====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Quantum Theory]]<br /> *[[Atomic Theory]]<br /> *[[Pauli exclusion principle]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 9===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Molecules====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 10===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Statistical Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 11===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Condensed Matter Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 12===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====The Nucleus====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 13===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Nuclear Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Nuclear Fission]]<br /> *[[Nuclear Energy from Fission and Fusion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 14===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Particle Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]<br /> *[[String Theory]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;</div>

Ksomu3 http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=20982 2016-04-12T04:28:09Z

<p>Ksomu3: Adding Electric Force Page</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Introductory Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it for future students!<br /> <br /> Looking to make a contribution?<br /> #Pick one of the topics from intro physics listed below<br /> #Add content to that topic or improve the quality of what is already there.<br /> #Need to make a new topic? Edit this page and add it to the list under the appropriate category. Then copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.<br /> <br /> Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.<br /> <br /> == Source Material ==<br /> All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).<br /> * A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]<br /> * A wiki written for students by a physics expert [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes MSU Physics Wiki]<br /> * A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]<br /> * The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]<br /> * An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]<br /> * Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]<br /> * OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]<br /> * The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]<br /> * A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]<br /> <br /> == Organizing Categories ==<br /> These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in three semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories as needed but a single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these categories.<br /> <br /> == Resources ==<br /> * Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]<br /> * A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]<br /> * A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]<br /> * A page for review of [[Vectors]] and vector operations<br /> * A listing of [[Notable Scientist]] with links to their individual pages <br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;&quot;&gt;<br /> ==Physics 1==<br /> ===Week 1===<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Help with VPython=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[VPython]]<br /> *[[VPython basics]]<br /> *[[VPython Common Errors and Troubleshooting]]<br /> *[[VPython Functions]]<br /> *[[VPython Lists]]<br /> *[[VPython Loops]]<br /> *[[VPython Multithreading]]<br /> *[[VPython Animation]]<br /> *[[VPython Objects]]<br /> *[[VPython 3D Objects]]<br /> *[[VPython Reference]]<br /> *[[VPython MapReduceFilter]]<br /> *[[VPython GUIs]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Vectors and Units=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Vectors]]<br /> *[[SI units]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Interactions=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Velocity and Momentum=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Newton’s First Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Velocity]]<br /> *[[Mass]]<br /> *[[Speed and Velocity]]<br /> *[[Relative Velocity]]<br /> *[[Derivation of Average Velocity]]<br /> *[[2-Dimensional Motion]]<br /> *[[3-Dimensional Position and Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:vpython_resources Software for Projects]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 2===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Momentum and the Momentum Principle=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Momentum Principle]]<br /> *[[Inertia]]<br /> *[[Net Force]]<br /> *[[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]<br /> *[[Impulse Momentum]]<br /> *[[Acceleration]]<br /> *[[Momentum with respect to external Forces]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Iterative Prediction with a Constant Force=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Newton’s Second Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Iterative Prediction]]<br /> *[[Kinematics]]<br /> *[[Newton’s Laws and Linear Momentum]]<br /> *[[Projectile Motion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:scalars_and_vectors Scalars and Vectors]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:displacement_and_velocity Displacement and Velocity]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:modeling_with_vpython Modeling Motion with VPython]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:relative_motion Relative Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:graphing_motion Graphing Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:momentum Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:momentum_principle The Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:acceleration Acceleration &amp; The Change in Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:motionPredict Applying the Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:constantF Constant Force Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:iterativePredict Iterative Prediction of Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:mp_multi The Momentum Principle in Multi-particle Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:angular_motivation Why Angular Momentum?]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ang_momentum Angular Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque &amp; The Angular Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_conservation Angular Momentum Conservation]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 3===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Analytic Prediction with a Constant Force=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Analytical Prediction]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Iterative Prediction with a Varying Force=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]<br /> *[[Spring Force]]<br /> *[[Hooke’s Law]]<br /> *[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]<br /> *[[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]<br /> *[[Terminal Speed]]<br /> *[[Determinism]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:drag Drag]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ucm Uniform Circular Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:impulseGraphs Impulse Graphs]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:springMotion Non-constant Force: Springs &amp; Spring-like Interactions]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:friction Contact Interactions: The Normal Force &amp; Friction]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 4===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Fundamental Interactions=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Gravitational Force]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 5===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Conservation of Momentum=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Conservation of Momentum]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Properties of Matter=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Kinds of Matter]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]<br /> *[[Density]]<br /> *[[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]<br /> *[[Young’s Modulus]]<br /> *[[Speed of Sound in Solids]]<br /> *[[Malleability]]<br /> *[[Ductility]]<br /> *[[Weight]]<br /> *[[Hardness]]<br /> *[[Boiling Point]]<br /> *[[Melting Point]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:model_of_a_wire Modeling a Solid Wire: springs in series and parallel]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 6===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Identifying Forces=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Free Body Diagram]]<br /> *[[Compression or Normal Force]]<br /> *[[Tension]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Curving Motion=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Curving Motion]]<br /> *[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]<br /> *[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_accel Gravitational Acceleration]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ucm Uniform Circular Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:freebodydiagrams Free Body Diagrams]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:curving_motion Curved Motion]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 7===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Energy Principle=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[The Energy Principle]]<br /> *[[Conservation of Energy]]<br /> *[[Kinetic Energy]]<br /> *[[Work]]<br /> *[[Power (Mechanical)]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:define_energy What is Energy?]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:point_particle The Simplest System: A Single Particle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:work Work: Mechanical Energy Transfer]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_cons Conservation of Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:potential_energy Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:force_and_PE Force and Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 8===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Work by Non-Constant Forces=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Work Done By A Nonconstant Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Potential Energy=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Potential Energy]]<br /> *[[Potential Energy of Macroscopic Springs]]<br /> *[[Spring Potential Energy]]<br /> **[[Ball and Spring Model]]<br /> *[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]<br /> *[[Energy Graphs]]<br /> *[[Escape Velocity]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:work_by_nc_forces Work Done by Non-Constant Forces]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:potential_energy Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rest_mass Changes of Rest Mass Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:force_and_PE Force and Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_pe_graphs Graphing Energy for Gravitationally Interacting Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:power Power: The Rate of Energy Change]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 9===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Multiparticle Systems=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Center of Mass]]<br /> *[[Multi-particle analysis of Momentum]]<br /> *[[Momentum with respect to external Forces]]<br /> *[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]<br /> *[[Work and Energy for an Extended System]]<br /> *[[Internal Energy]]<br /> **[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:mp_multi The Momentum Principle in Multi-particle Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_sep Separating Energy in Multi-Particle Systems]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 10===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Choice of System=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[System &amp; Surroundings]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Thermal Energy, Dissipation and Transfer of Energy=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Thermal Energy]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat]]<br /> *[[Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[Specific Heat Capacity]]<br /> *[[First Law of Thermodynamics]]<br /> *[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]<br /> *[[Temperature]]<br /> *[[Predicting Change]]<br /> *[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]<br /> *[[Transformation of Energy]]<br /> *[[The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution]]<br /> *[[Air Resistance]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Rotational and Vibrational Energy=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rest_mass Changes of Rest Mass Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_pe_graphs Graphing Energy for Gravitationally Interacting Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:escape_speed Escape Speed]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:internal_energy Internal Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:system_choice Choosing a System Matters]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 11===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Different Models of a System=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Real Systems]]<br /> *[[Point Particle Systems]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Models of Friction=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Friction]]<br /> *[[Static Friction]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:system_choice Choosing a System Matters]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 12===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Collisions=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Newton’s Third Law of Motion]]<br /> *[[Collisions]]<br /> *[[Collisions 2]]<br /> *[[Elastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Inelastic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]<br /> *[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]<br /> *[[Scattering: Collisions in 2D and 3D]]<br /> *[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Coefficient of Restitution]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:collisions Colliding Objects]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rot_KE Rotational Kinetic Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:pp_vs_real Point Particle and Real Systems]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:colliding_systems Collisions]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Week 13===<br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours \<br /> mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Rotations=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Rotation]]<br /> *[[Angular Velocity]]<br /> *[[Eulerian Angles]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Angular Momentum=====<br /> &lt;div class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Total Angular Momentum]]<br /> *[[Translational Angular Momentum]]<br /> *[[Rotational Angular Momentum]]<br /> *[[The Angular Momentum Principle]]<br /> *[[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]<br /> *[[Angular Impulse]]<br /> *[[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]<br /> *[[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]<br /> *[[The Moments of Inertia]]<br /> *[[Moment of Inertia for a cylinder]]<br /> *[[Right Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rot_KE Rotational Kinetic Energy]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:angular_motivation Why Angular Momentum?]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ang_momentum Angular Momentum]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque &amp; The Angular Momentum Principle]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_conservation Angular Momentum Conservation]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> ===Week 14===<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Analyzing Motion with and without Torque=====<br /> &lt;div \<br /> class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Torque]]<br /> *[[Torque 2]]<br /> *[[Systems with Zero Torque]]<br /> *[[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]<br /> *[[Torque vs Work]]<br /> *[[Gyroscopes]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:discovery_of_the_nucleus Discovery of the Nucleus]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:torque Torques Cause Changes in Rotation]<br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque &amp; The Angular Momentum Principle]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 15===<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Student Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> =====Introduction to Quantum Concepts=====<br /> &lt;div \class=“mw-collapsible-content”&gt;<br /> *[[Bohr Model]]<br /> *[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]<br /> *[[Quantized energy levels]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> ====Expert Content====<br /> &lt;div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \<br /> mw-collapsed”&gt;<br /> <br /> * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:discovery_of_the_nucleus Discovery of the Nucleus]<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;div style=“float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;”&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Physics 2==<br /> ===Week 1===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====3D Vectors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Page claimed by Laura Winalski]]*<br /> *[[Vectors]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> *[[Right Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Electric field====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric force====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Electric Force]] Claimed by Amarachi Eze<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ====Electric field of a point particle====<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Point Charge]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Bold text'''====Superposition====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Superposition Principle]]<br /> *[[Superposition principle]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Dipoles====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> Claimed by Trevor Craport <br /> *[[Electric Dipole]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Dipole]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 2===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Interactions of charged objects====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Field]]<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Tape experiments====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> *[[Electric Polarization]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Polarization====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> *[[Electric Polarization]]<br /> *[[Polarization of an Atom]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 3===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Insulators====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Insulators]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Conductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Conductivity]]<br /> *[[Charge Transfer]]<br /> *[[Resistivity]]<br /> *[[Polarization of a conductor]]<br /> *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Charging and discharging====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charge Transfer]]<br /> *[[Electrostatic Discharge]]<br /> *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]<br /> *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 4===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Field of a charged rod====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charged Rod]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Field of a charged ring/disk/capacitor====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charged Ring]]<br /> *[[Charged Disk]]<br /> *[[Charged Capacitor]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Field of a charged sphere====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charged Spherical Shell]]<br /> *[[Field of a Charged Ball]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 5===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Potential energy====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Potential Energy]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric potential====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Potential DIfference Path Independence]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference of Point Charge in a Non-Uniform Field]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Sign of a potential difference====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Sign of Potential Difference, claimed by Tyler Quill]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> == Claimed by Tyler Quill ==<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Potential at a single location====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Potential Difference at One Location]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Path independence and round trip potential====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]<br /> *[[Potential DIfference Path Independence]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 6===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric field and potential in an insulator====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Moving charges in a magnetic field====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Field]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Biot-Savart Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Biot-Savart Law]]<br /> *[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Moving charges, electron current, and conventional current====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Moving Point Charge]]<br /> *[[Current]]<br /> *[[Conventional Current]]*<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 7===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic field of a wire====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic field of a current-carrying loop====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic dipoles====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]<br /> *[[Bar Magnet]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Atomic structure of magnets====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Atomic Structure of Magnets]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 8===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Steady state current====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Steady State]]<br /> *[[Non Steady State]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Node rule====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric fields and energy in circuits====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Series circuit]]<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> *[[Loop Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Macroscopic analysis of circuits====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Series Circuits]]<br /> *[[Parallel CIrcuits]]<br /> *[[Parallel Circuits vs. Series Circuits*]]<br /> *[[Loop Rule]]<br /> *[[Node Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 9===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric field and potential in circuits with capacitors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]<br /> *[[RC Circuit]]<br /> *[[R Circuit]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic forces on charges and currents====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> *[[Applying Magnetic Force to Currents]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force in a Moving Reference Frame]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Electric and magnetic forces====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Electric Force]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Velocity selector====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> *[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 10===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====The Hall effect====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Hall Effect]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> *[[Polarization]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Motional EMF====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Motional Emf]]<br /> *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic force====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Force]]<br /> *[[Lorentz Force]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Magnetic torque====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Magnetic Torque]]<br /> *[[Right-Hand Rule]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 12===<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Gauss's Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]<br /> *[[Gauss's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Flux]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Ampere's Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid Using Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[The Differential Form of Ampere's Law]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 13===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Semiconductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Semiconductor Devices]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Faraday's Law====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Lenz's Law]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Maxwell's equations====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Gauss's Law]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Flux]]<br /> *[[Ampere's Law]]<br /> *[[Faraday's Law]]<br /> *[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 14===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Circuits revisited====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Inductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Inductors]]<br /> *[[Current in an LC Circuit]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 15===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Sparks in the air====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Sparks in Air]]<br /> *[[Spark Plugs]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Superconductors====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Superconducters]]<br /> *[[Superconductors]]<br /> *[[Meissner effect]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;div style=&quot;float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;&quot;&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Physics 3==<br /> <br /> ===Week 1===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Classical Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 2===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Special Relativity====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Frame of Reference]]<br /> *[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]<br /> *[[Time Dilation]]<br /> *[[Einstein's Theory of General Relativity]]<br /> *[[Albert A. Micheleson &amp; Edward W. Morley]]<br /> *[[Magnetic Force in a Moving Reference Frame]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 3===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Photons====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]]<br /> *[[Light Scattering: Why is the Sky Blue]]<br /> *[[Lasers]]<br /> *[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]<br /> *[[Quantum Properties of Light]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 4===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Matter Waves====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Wave-Particle Duality]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 5===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Wave Mechanics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Standing Waves]]<br /> *[[Wavelength]]<br /> *[[Wavelength and Frequency]]<br /> *[[Mechanical Waves]]<br /> *[[Transverse and Longitudinal Waves]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 6===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Rutherford-Bohr Model====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]<br /> *[[Bohr Model]]<br /> *[[Quantized energy levels]]<br /> *[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 7===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====The Hydrogen Atom====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Quantum Theory]]<br /> *[[Atomic Theory]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 8===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Many-Electron Atoms====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Quantum Theory]]<br /> *[[Atomic Theory]]<br /> *[[Pauli exclusion principle]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 9===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Molecules====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 10===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Statistical Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 11===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Condensed Matter Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 12===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====The Nucleus====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 13===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Nuclear Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Nuclear Fission]]<br /> *[[Nuclear Energy from Fission and Fusion]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Week 14===<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;&gt;<br /> ====Particle Physics====<br /> &lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;<br /> *[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]<br /> *[[String Theory]]<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;/div&gt;</div>

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