Physics Book - User contributions [en]

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T23:14:46Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Page written by Kyle Rasmussen

Spontaneous photon emission is a process that occurs when an atom or other quantum system goes down an energy level, and releases a photon. This process is often incited by the absorption of a particle whose energy causes an atom to increase its energy level, and enter an excited state; in this case, spontaneous photon emission would move the atom to a lower energy level, closer to its initial state. This process results in the production of light, and has been instrumental in many inventions, such as fluorescent lights, television displays and light emitting diodes.

==The Main Idea==
If an atom is in an excited state, meaning that its current energy level is higher than the minimum energy level, or ground state, it may undergo the process of spontaneous photon emission, decreasing its energy level to one closer to the ground state. Through this process, an atom will decrease its energy level, and emit a photon with energy equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.
[[File:Spontaneousemission.png]] In accordance with the law of conservation of energy, if we chose a system including both the photon and the atom, this process will feature no net energy change.
The collection of photon emissions for an atom's transition from a higher to a lower state is called an emission spectrum. For any given atom in an excited state, there typically exists a wide range of potential photon emissions, and these emissions vary greatly between different elements.
[[File:HEM.png]]
[[File:Krypton Spectrum.jpg]]

Above you'll see the emissions spectrums for hydrogen and krypton respectively. As you can see, krypton has a much wider range of potential photon emissions, largely because its atoms are far more complex than those of a more simple element like hydrogen.

===Mathematical Model===

The primary basis for our understanding of the process of spontaneous photon emission comes from the law of conservation of energy, <math>{E}_{final} = {E}_{initial}</math>.

When an atom decreases its energy level, as they do during spontaneous photon emission, this energy cannot be lost, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. Instead, it is simply converted into another form, in this case, the kinetic energy of a photon. Because this process only involves two different particles, the atom and the photon, the law of conservation of energy also allows us to know that the change in the energy of the atom, is equal and opposite the change in the energy of the photon, <math>{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{photon}</math>.
===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
The energy of an atom decreases from -2 to -8 eV. A photon is emitted during this process, what is the energy of this photon?

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{f} - {E}_{i}{)} = {-}{(}{-8} - {-2}{)} = {6}{eV}</math>

===Middling===
A hydrogen atom is in the state N=3, where N=1 is the ground state. What will be the energy of the photon emitted when this atom drops from the 3rd to 1st energy level?

<math>{E}_{3} = {-}{13.6}/{3^2} = {-}{1.5111}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{3}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {1.5111}{)} = {12.0889}{eV}</math>
===Difficult===
If electrons with energies of 10.27 volts collide with hydrogen atoms in their ground state, what will be the energy of the photons emited by these atoms?

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{2} = {-}{13.6}/{2^2} = {-}{3.4}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{2}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {3.4}{)} = {10.2}{eV}</math>

Because 10.2 < 10.27, the electrons will be able to excite the atoms to this energy level, and photons of energy 10.2 eV will be released when these atoms return to their ground state.

What will be the energy of the electrons after the collision?

Because <math>{Δ}{E}_{total} = {0}</math>

<math>{E}_{electron final} = {E}_{electron initial} - {Δ}{E}_{atom} = {10.27} - {10.2} = {.07}{eV}</math>

==Connectedness==
The primary use of spontaneous photon emission in industry is in the creation of products that center around the emission of light, such as fluorescent lights, light emitting diodes, and plasma TV screens. This process allows for the production of photons through the energizing of atoms, and can be extremely helpful for creating controlled light sources.

==History==
The concept of spontaneous emission was first theorized and observed by Albert Einstein, who accurately predicted that an atom may return to a lower energy level by emitting a photon. Einstein also proposed the concept that photons would tend to travel together in the same state. He theorized that a photon with a certain wavelength could pass through a field of atoms, leading to the emission of a photon with that same wavelength by the atoms. He predicted that this would lead to a ripple effect throughout this collection of atoms, that would lead to the production of photons of this same wavelength by all the surrounding atoms. This concept was first addressed in a paper written by Einstein in 1917, but was not put to use fully until the 1940s, when Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow developed the first functioning laser.

== See also ==

Quantized Energy Levels: http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Quantized_energy_levels

===External links===
[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]

==References==
"Emission Spectrum." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Nov. 2015. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.

"This Month in Physics History." <i>: Einstein Predicts Stimulated Emission</i>. American Physical Society, Aug.-Sept. 2005. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.

"Spontaneous Emission." <i>Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology</i>. RP Photonics Encyclopedia, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2015. <https://www.rp-photonics.com/spontaneous_emission.html>.

"Spontaneous Emission." <i>Spontaneous Emission</i>. The University of Texas as Austin, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2015. <http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/Quantum/node119.html>.

"Spontaneous Emission." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Sept. 2015. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.

[[Category:Energy]]

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T23:14:14Z

Kylerasmussen44:

page in progress by kylerasmussen44

Spontaneous photon emission is a process that occurs when an atom or other quantum system goes down an energy level, and releases a photon. This process is often incited by the absorption of a particle whose energy causes an atom to increase its energy level, and enter an excited state; in this case, spontaneous photon emission would move the atom to a lower energy level, closer to its initial state. This process results in the production of light, and has been instrumental in many inventions, such as fluorescent lights, television displays and light emitting diodes.

==The Main Idea==
If an atom is in an excited state, meaning that its current energy level is higher than the minimum energy level, or ground state, it may undergo the process of spontaneous photon emission, decreasing its energy level to one closer to the ground state. Through this process, an atom will decrease its energy level, and emit a photon with energy equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.
[[File:Spontaneousemission.png]] In accordance with the law of conservation of energy, if we chose a system including both the photon and the atom, this process will feature no net energy change.
The collection of photon emissions for an atom's transition from a higher to a lower state is called an emission spectrum. For any given atom in an excited state, there typically exists a wide range of potential photon emissions, and these emissions vary greatly between different elements.
[[File:HEM.png]]
[[File:Krypton Spectrum.jpg]]

Above you'll see the emissions spectrums for hydrogen and krypton respectively. As you can see, krypton has a much wider range of potential photon emissions, largely because its atoms are far more complex than those of a more simple element like hydrogen.

===Mathematical Model===

The primary basis for our understanding of the process of spontaneous photon emission comes from the law of conservation of energy, <math>{E}_{final} = {E}_{initial}</math>.

When an atom decreases its energy level, as they do during spontaneous photon emission, this energy cannot be lost, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. Instead, it is simply converted into another form, in this case, the kinetic energy of a photon. Because this process only involves two different particles, the atom and the photon, the law of conservation of energy also allows us to know that the change in the energy of the atom, is equal and opposite the change in the energy of the photon, <math>{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{photon}</math>.
===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
The energy of an atom decreases from -2 to -8 eV. A photon is emitted during this process, what is the energy of this photon?

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{f} - {E}_{i}{)} = {-}{(}{-8} - {-2}{)} = {6}{eV}</math>

===Middling===
A hydrogen atom is in the state N=3, where N=1 is the ground state. What will be the energy of the photon emitted when this atom drops from the 3rd to 1st energy level?

<math>{E}_{3} = {-}{13.6}/{3^2} = {-}{1.5111}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{3}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {1.5111}{)} = {12.0889}{eV}</math>
===Difficult===
If electrons with energies of 10.27 volts collide with hydrogen atoms in their ground state, what will be the energy of the photons emited by these atoms?

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{2} = {-}{13.6}/{2^2} = {-}{3.4}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{2}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {3.4}{)} = {10.2}{eV}</math>

Because 10.2 < 10.27, the electrons will be able to excite the atoms to this energy level, and photons of energy 10.2 eV will be released when these atoms return to their ground state.

What will be the energy of the electrons after the collision?

Because <math>{Δ}{E}_{total} = {0}</math>

<math>{E}_{electron final} = {E}_{electron initial} - {Δ}{E}_{atom} = {10.27} - {10.2} = {.07}{eV}</math>

==Connectedness==
The primary use of spontaneous photon emission in industry is in the creation of products that center around the emission of light, such as fluorescent lights, light emitting diodes, and plasma TV screens. This process allows for the production of photons through the energizing of atoms, and can be extremely helpful for creating controlled light sources.

==History==
The concept of spontaneous emission was first theorized and observed by Albert Einstein, who accurately predicted that an atom may return to a lower energy level by emitting a photon. Einstein also proposed the concept that photons would tend to travel together in the same state. He theorized that a photon with a certain wavelength could pass through a field of atoms, leading to the emission of a photon with that same wavelength by the atoms. He predicted that this would lead to a ripple effect throughout this collection of atoms, that would lead to the production of photons of this same wavelength by all the surrounding atoms. This concept was first addressed in a paper written by Einstein in 1917, but was not put to use fully until the 1940s, when Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow developed the first functioning laser.

== See also ==

Quantized Energy Levels: http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Quantized_energy_levels

===External links===
[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]

==References==
"Emission Spectrum." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Nov. 2015. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.

"This Month in Physics History." <i>: Einstein Predicts Stimulated Emission</i>. American Physical Society, Aug.-Sept. 2005. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.

"Spontaneous Emission." <i>Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology</i>. RP Photonics Encyclopedia, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2015. <https://www.rp-photonics.com/spontaneous_emission.html>.

"Spontaneous Emission." <i>Spontaneous Emission</i>. The University of Texas as Austin, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2015. <http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/qmech/Quantum/node119.html>.

"Spontaneous Emission." <i>Wikipedia</i>. Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Sept. 2015. Web. 05 Dec. 2015.

[[Category:Energy]]

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T23:03:09Z

Kylerasmussen44:

page in progress by kylerasmussen44

Spontaneous photon emission is a process that occurs when an atom or other quantum system goes down an energy level, and releases a photon. This process is often incited by the absorption of a particle whose energy causes an atom to increase its energy level, and enter an excited state; in this case, spontaneous photon emission would move the atom to a lower energy level, closer to its initial state. This process results in the production of light, and has been instrumental in many inventions, such as fluorescent lights, television displays and light emitting diodes.

==The Main Idea==
If an atom is in an excited state, meaning that its current energy level is higher than the minimum energy level, or ground state, it may undergo the process of spontaneous photon emission, decreasing its energy level to one closer to the ground state. Through this process, an atom will decrease its energy level, and emit a photon with energy equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.
[[File:Spontaneousemission.png]] In accordance with the law of conservation of energy, if we chose a system including both the photon and the atom, this process will feature no net energy change.
The collection of photon emissions for an atom's transition from a higher to a lower state is called an emission spectrum. For any given atom in an excited state, there typically exists a wide range of potential photon emissions, and these emissions vary greatly between different elements.
[[File:HEM.png]]
[[File:Krypton Spectrum.jpg]]

Above you'll see the emissions spectrums for hydrogen and krypton respectively. As you can see, krypton has a much wider range of potential photon emissions, largely because its atoms are far more complex than those of a more simple element like hydrogen.

===Mathematical Model===

The primary basis for our understanding of the process of spontaneous photon emission comes from the law of conservation of energy, <math>{E}_{final} = {E}_{initial}</math>.

When an atom decreases its energy level, as they do during spontaneous photon emission, this energy cannot be lost, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. Instead, it is simply converted into another form, in this case, the kinetic energy of a photon. Because this process only involves two different particles, the atom and the photon, the law of conservation of energy also allows us to know that the change in the energy of the atom, is equal and opposite the change in the energy of the photon, <math>{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{photon}</math>.
===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
The energy of an atom decreases from -2 to -8 eV. A photon is emitted during this process, what is the energy of this photon?

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{f} - {E}_{i}{)} = {-}{(}{-8} - {-2}{)} = {6}{eV}</math>

===Middling===
A hydrogen atom is in the state N=3, where N=1 is the ground state. What will be the energy of the photon emitted when this atom drops from the 3rd to 1st energy level?

<math>{E}_{3} = {-}{13.6}/{3^2} = {-}{1.5111}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{3}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {1.5111}{)} = {12.0889}{eV}</math>
===Difficult===
If electrons with energies of 10.27 volts collide with hydrogen atoms in their ground state, what will be the energy of the photons emited by these atoms?

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{2} = {-}{13.6}/{2^2} = {-}{3.4}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{2}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {3.4}{)} = {10.2}{eV}</math>

Because 10.2 < 10.27, the electrons will be able to excite the atoms to this energy level, and photons of energy 10.2 eV will be released when these atoms return to their ground state.

What will be the energy of the electrons after the collision?

Because <math>{Δ}{E}_{total} = {0}</math>

<math>{E}_{electron final} = {E}_{electron initial} - {Δ}{E}_{atom} = {10.27} - {10.2} = {.07}{eV}</math>

==Connectedness==
The primary use of spontaneous photon emission in industry is in the creation of products that center around the emission of light, such as fluorescent lights, light emitting diodes, and plasma TV screens. This process allows for the production of photons through the energizing of atoms, and can be extremely helpful for creating controlled light sources.

==History==
The concept of spontaneous emission was first theorized and observed by Albert Einstein, who accurately predicted that an atom may return to a lower energy level by emitting a photon. Einstein also proposed the concept that photons would tend to travel together in the same state. He theorized that a photon with a certain wavelength could pass through a field of atoms, leading to the emission of a photon with that same wavelength by the atoms. He predicted that this would lead to a ripple effect throughout this collection of atoms, that would lead to the production of photons of this same wavelength by all the surrounding atoms. This concept was first addressed in a paper written by Einstein in 1917, but was not put to use fully until the 1940s, when Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow developed the first functioning laser.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===
[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:44:05Z

Kylerasmussen44:

page in progress by kylerasmussen44

Spontaneous photon emission is a process that occurs when an atom or other quantum system goes down an energy level, and releases a photon. This process is often incited by the absorption of a particle whose energy causes an atom to increase its energy level, and enter an excited state; in this case, spontaneous photon emission would move the atom to a lower energy level, closer to its initial state. This process results in the production of light, and has been instrumental in many inventions, such as fluorescent lights, television displays and light emitting diodes.

==The Main Idea==
If an atom is in an excited state, meaning that its current energy level is higher than the minimum energy level, or ground state, it may undergo the process of spontaneous photon emission, decreasing its energy level to one closer to the ground state. Through this process, an atom will decrease its energy level, and emit a photon with energy equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.
[[File:Spontaneousemission.png]] In accordance with the law of conservation of energy, if we chose a system including both the photon and the atom, this process will feature no net energy change.
The collection of photon emissions for an atom's transition from a higher to a lower state is called an emission spectrum. For any given atom in an excited state, there typically exists a wide range of potential photon emissions, and these emissions vary greatly between different elements.
[[File:HEM.png]]
[[File:Krypton Spectrum.jpg]]

Above you'll see the emissions spectrums for hydrogen and krypton respectively. As you can see, krypton has a much wider range of potential photon emissions, largely because its atoms are far more complex than those of a more simple element like hydrogen.

===Mathematical Model===

The primary basis for our understanding of the process of spontaneous photon emission comes from the law of conservation of energy, <math>{E}_{final} = {E}_{initial}</math>.

When an atom decreases its energy level, as they do during spontaneous photon emission, this energy cannot be lost, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. Instead, it is simply converted into another form, in this case, the kinetic energy of a photon. Because this process only involves two different particles, the atom and the photon, the law of conservation of energy also allows us to know that the change in the energy of the atom, is equal and opposite the change in the energy of the photon, <math>{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{photon}</math>.
===A Computational Model===

How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript]

==Examples==

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

===Simple===
The energy of an atom decreases from -2 to -8 eV. A photon is emitted during this process, what is the energy of this photon?

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{f} - {E}_{i}{)} = {-}{(}{-8} - {-2}{)} = {6}{eV}</math>

===Middling===
A hydrogen atom is in the state N=3, where N=1 is the ground state. What will be the energy of the photon emitted when this atom drops from the 3rd to 1st energy level?

<math>{E}_{3} = {-}{13.6}/{3^2} = {-}{1.5111}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{3}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {1.5111}{)} = {12.0889}{eV}</math>
===Difficult===
If electrons with energies of 10.27 volts collide with hydrogen atoms in their ground state, what will be the energy of the photons emited by these atoms?

<math>{E}_{1} = {-}{13.6}/{1} = {-}{13.6}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{2} = {-}{13.6}/{2^2} = {-}{3.4}{eV}</math>

<math>{E}_{photon} = {-}{Δ}{E}_{atom} = {-}{(}{E}_{1} - {E}_{2}{)} = {-}{(}{13.6} - {3.4}{)} = {10.2}{eV}</math>

Because 10.2 < 10.27, the electrons will be able to excite the atoms to this energy level, and photons of energy 10.2 eV will be released when these atoms return to their ground state.

What will be the energy of the electrons after the collision?

Because <math>{Δ}{E}_{total} = {0}</math>

<math>{E}_{electron final} = {E}_{electron initial} - {Δ}{E}_{atom} = {10.27} - {10.2} = {.07}{eV}</math>

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

==History==

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

== See also ==

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===
[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-reaction-time/]

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:30:54Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:29:44Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:26:16Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:25:33Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:20:09Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-05T22:19:13Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:20:59Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:20:08Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:19:26Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:13:16Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:10:45Z

Kylerasmussen44:

File:HEM.png

2015-12-04T03:08:53Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:08:23Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:05:25Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T03:02:25Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T02:57:04Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T02:46:21Z

Kylerasmussen44:

Spontaneous Photon Emission

2015-12-04T02:36:40Z

Kylerasmussen44: Created page with "Spontaneous Photon Emission page in progress by kylerasmussen44 Photon Emission is a process that occurs when an atom or other quantum system goes down an energy level, and r..."

Spontaneous Photon Emission
page in progress by kylerasmussen44

Photon Emission is a process that occurs when an atom or other quantum system goes down an energy level, and releases a photon. This process is often incited by the absorption of a particle whose energy causes an atom to increase its energy level; in this case, spontaneous photon emission would move the atom to a lower energy level, closer to its initial state.

Contents [hide]
1 The Main Idea
Spontaneous pho
1.1 A Mathematical Model
1.2 A Computational Model
2 Examples
2.1 Simple
2.2 Middling
2.3 Difficult
3 Connectedness
4 History
5 See also
5.1 Further reading
5.2 External links
6 References
The Main Idea[edit]
State, in your own words, the main idea for this topic Electric Field of Capacitor

A Mathematical Model[edit]
What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example dp⃗ dtsystem=F⃗ net where p is the momentum of the system and F is the net force from the surroundings.

A Computational Model[edit]
How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here Teach hands-on with GlowScript

Examples[edit]
Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

Simple[edit]
Middling[edit]
Difficult[edit]
Connectedness[edit]
How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
How is it connected to your major?
Is there an interesting industrial application?
History[edit]
Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

See also[edit]
Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

Further reading[edit]
Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

External links[edit]
[1]

References[edit]
This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

Category: Which Category did you place this in?

Main Page

2015-12-04T02:34:22Z

Kylerasmussen44: /* Energy */

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* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[Determinism]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[String Theory]]
*[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]
*[[Law of Gravitation]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
*[[Thomas Young]]
*[[James Prescott Joule]]
*[[John Bardeen]]
*[[Leo Baekeland]]
*[[Alhazen]]
*[[Willebrod Snell]]
*[[Johannes Kepler]]
*[[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]]
*[[Philipp Lenard]]
*[[Xuesen Qian]]
*[[Robert A. Millikan]]
*[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]]
*[[Guglielmo Marconi]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Inertia]]
*[[Non-Newtonian Fluids]]
*[[Color]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Projectile Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Analytical Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
* [[Change in Momentum in Time for Curving Motion]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]
* [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Transformation of Energy]]

*[[Energy Graphs]]
**[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
**[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
** [[Charge Density]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
***[[Stern-Gerlach Experiment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Earth's Magnetic Field]]
*[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[AC vs DC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[Current in a RL Circuit]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
*[[Semiconductor Devices]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
**[[Poynting Vector]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
*[[Cherenkov Radiation]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Plasma waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[Electromagnetic Waves]]
*[[Electromagnetic Spectrum]]
*[[Color Light Wave]]
*[[Mechanical Waves]]
*[[Pendulum Motion]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
*[[Spark Plugs]]
*[[Metal Detectors]]
*[[Speakers]]
*[[Radios]]
*[[Ampullae of Lorenzini]]
*[[Generator]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Optics===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mirrors]]
*[[Refraction]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Computing===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[VPython]]
*[[VPython basics]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]

Main Page

2015-12-04T02:24:02Z

Kylerasmussen44: /* Energy */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[Determinism]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Charge]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]
*[[2-Dimensional Motion]]
*[[Center of Mass]]
*[[Reaction Time]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory]]
*[[Atomic Theory]]
*[[String Theory]]
*[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]
*[[Law of Gravitation]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
*[[Jean-Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Lise Meitner]]
*[[Lisa Randall]]
*[[Felix Savart]]
*[[Heinrich Lenz]]
*[[Max Born]]
*[[Archimedes]]
*[[Jean Baptiste Biot]]
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Eugene Wigner]]
*[[Marie Curie]]
*[[Pierre Curie]]
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]
*[[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
*[[Louis de Broglie]]
*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Émilie du Châtelet]]
*[[Blaise Pascal]]
*[[Benjamin Franklin]]
*[[James Chadwick]]
*[[Henry Cavendish]]
*[[Thomas Young]]
*[[James Prescott Joule]]
*[[John Bardeen]]
*[[Leo Baekeland]]
*[[Alhazen]]
*[[Willebrod Snell]]
*[[Johannes Kepler]]
*[[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]]
*[[Philipp Lenard]]
*[[Xuesen Qian]]
*[[Robert A. Millikan]]
*[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]]
*[[Guglielmo Marconi]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Malleability]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
*[[Inertia]]
*[[Non-Newtonian Fluids]]
*[[Color]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
* [[Speed of Sound in a Solid]]
* [[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Projectile Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Analytical Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
* [[Momentum at High Speeds]]
* [[Change in Momentum in Time for Curving Motion]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]
* [[Gyroscopes]]
* [[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy for a Magnetic Dipole]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power (Mechanical)]]
*[[Transformation of Energy]]

*[[Energy Graphs]]
**[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Bohr Model]]
*[[Quantized energy levels]]
**[[Photon Emission]]
*[[Path Independence of Electric Potential]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Frame of Reference]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
** [[Charge Density]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference Path Independence]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
** [[Systems of Charged Objects]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
**[[Polarization of an Atom]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Dipole Moment]]
***[[Stern-Gerlach Experiment]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Earth's Magnetic Field]]
*[[Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces]]
**[[Magnetic Torque]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
**[[Solenoid Applications]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Resistivity]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
**[[AC]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[Parallel Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[AC vs DC]]
*[[Charge in a RC Circuit]]
*[[Current in a RC circuit]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[Current in a RL Circuit]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers (Circuits)]]
*[[Resistors and Conductivity]]
*[[Semiconductor Devices]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
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*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
***[[Transformers from a physics standpoint]]
***[[Energy Density]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
**[[Poynting Vector]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Effects of Radiation on Matter]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
*[[Light Refraction: Bending of light]]
*[[Cherenkov Radiation]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Waves===
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*[[Multisource Interference: Diffraction]]
*[[Standing waves]]
*[[Gravitational waves]]
*[[Plasma waves]]
*[[Wave-Particle Duality]]
*[[Electromagnetic Waves]]
*[[Electromagnetic Spectrum]]
*[[Color Light Wave]]
*[[Mechanical Waves]]
*[[Pendulum Motion]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Real Life Applications of Electromagnetic Principles===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Electromagnetic Junkyard Cranes]]
*[[Maglev Trains]]
*[[Spark Plugs]]
*[[Metal Detectors]]
*[[Speakers]]
*[[Radios]]
*[[Ampullae of Lorenzini]]
*[[Generator]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Optics===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mirrors]]
*[[Refraction]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Computing===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[VPython]]
*[[VPython basics]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]