claimed by Lzhang375

If a charged conductor comes in contact, or is in close enough proximity, with another conductor, it is possible to transfer this charge to the second conductor. This process is called '''charge transfer'''. Charges cannot be created or destroyed; this is known as the ''Law of Conservation of Charge''. Therefore, in the transfer of charge between two objects, the amount of charge gained by one object is equal to the amount of charge loss by the other. There are multiple ways that charge can be transferred such as through direct contact and through inductance.

==Insulators vs Conductors==

In an '''insulator''', electrons are bounded tightly to atoms, which prevents charged particles from moving through the material. If charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, the charge will remain at the location that the transfer occurred.

[[File:inschargedist.gif|thumb|180px|Charges transferred to an insulator remains at the location of transfer.]]

On the other hand, electrons are able to flow freely from particle to particle within '''conductors'''. When charge is transferred to a conductor, the charge is distributed evenly across the surface of the object via ''electron movement''. The electrons will be distributed until the repelling force between the excess electrons is minimized. This is the main difference between insulators and conductors: insulators do not have mobile charged particles whereas conductors have mobile charged particles that allow for charge transfer through the free movement of electrons. Examples of insulators include rubber and air and examples of conductors include metals and salt water.

==Transfer Charges by Conduction==

Electrons move from one object to another (especially with metals) through points of contact. An example of this is rubbing a glass rod with silk. The glass rod will become positively charged and the silk will become negatively charged; this means that electrons were transferred from the glass rod to the silk, since protons are not removed from the nuclei. Rubbing two objects together is not necessary for charge transfer, but because rubbing creates more points of contact between two objects, it facilitates charge transfer.

[[File:Conductiontransfer.gif]]

==Transfer Charges by Induction==

induction is the movement of electrons to one part of an object that is caused by the electric field of a second object. the electric field around the charged object attracts or repels electrons in the second object. polarizes
give neutral object a charge by moving a charged object near it, then grounding or taking away the other charge with hand or conductor, and then remove both so that resulting object is charged
example is rubbing balloon on hair to get negative charge, then put balloon close to black pepper, the black pepper particles will jump up and stick to the balloon because the particles were polarized so that it becomes positively charged on top and will be attracted the negatively charged balloon. electrons on the bottom of the black pepper will be grounded into the surface its sitting on, so that the black pepper particles become psotively charged.
[[File:Indtransfer.gif]]

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

== See also ==

http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Charge_Motion_in_Metals
http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Polarization

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Conductors-and-Insulators
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Charge-Interactions

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

File:Indtransfer.gif

2015-12-03T08:53:43Z

Lzhang375:

Charge Transfer

2015-12-03T08:53:12Z

Lzhang375: /* Transfer Charges by Induction */

claimed by Lzhang375

If a charged conductor comes in contact, or is in close enough proximity, with another conductor, it is possible to transfer this charge to the second conductor. This process is called '''charge transfer'''. Charges cannot be created or destroyed; this is known as the ''Law of Conservation of Charge''. Therefore, in the transfer of charge between two objects, the amount of charge gained by one object is equal to the amount of charge loss by the other. There are multiple ways that charge can be transferred such as through direct contact and through inductance.

==Insulators vs Conductors==

In an '''insulator''', electrons are bounded tightly to atoms, which prevents charged particles from moving through the material. If charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, the charge will remain at the location that the transfer occurred.

[[File:inschargedist.gif|thumb|180px|Charges transferred to an insulator remains at the location of transfer.]]

On the other hand, electrons are able to flow freely from particle to particle within '''conductors'''. When charge is transferred to a conductor, the charge is distributed evenly across the surface of the object via ''electron movement''. The electrons will be distributed until the repelling force between the excess electrons is minimized. This is the main difference between insulators and conductors: insulators do not have mobile charged particles whereas conductors have mobile charged particles that allow for charge transfer through the free movement of electrons. Examples of insulators include rubber and air and examples of conductors include metals and salt water.

==Transfer Charges by Conduction==

Electrons move from one object to another (especially with metals) through points of contact. An example of this is rubbing a glass rod with silk. The glass rod will become positively charged and the silk will become negatively charged; this means that electrons were transferred from the glass rod to the silk, since protons are not removed from the nuclei. Rubbing two objects together is not necessary for charge transfer, but because rubbing creates more points of contact between two objects, it facilitates charge transfer.

[[File:Conductiontransfer.gif]]

==Transfer Charges by Induction==

induction is the movement of electrons to one part of an object that is caused by the electric field of a second object. the electric field around the charged object attracts or repels electrons in the second object. polarizes
give neutral object a charge by moving a charged object near it, then grounding or taking away the other charge with hand or conductor, and then remove both so that resulting object is charged
example is rubbing balloon on hair to get negative charge, then put balloon close to black pepper, the black pepper particles will jump up and stick to the balloon because the particles were polarized so that it becomes positively charged on top and will be attracted the negatively charged balloon. electrons on the bottom of the black pepper will be grounded into the surface its sitting on, so that the black pepper particles become psotively charged.

[[File:Indtransfer.gif]]

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

== See also ==

http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Charge_Motion_in_Metals
http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Polarization

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Conductors-and-Insulators
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Charge-Interactions

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

File:Inductiontransfer.gif

2015-12-03T08:52:07Z

Lzhang375: Lzhang375 uploaded a new version of "File:Inductiontransfer.gif"

File:Inductiontransfer.gif

2015-12-03T08:02:40Z

Lzhang375:

Charge Transfer

2015-12-03T08:02:25Z

Lzhang375: /* Transfer Charges by Induction */

claimed by Lzhang375

If a charged conductor comes in contact, or is in close enough proximity, with another conductor, it is possible to transfer this charge to the second conductor. This process is called '''charge transfer'''. Charges cannot be created or destroyed; this is known as the ''Law of Conservation of Charge''. Therefore, in the transfer of charge between two objects, the amount of charge gained by one object is equal to the amount of charge loss by the other. There are multiple ways that charge can be transferred such as through direct contact and through inductance.

==Insulators vs Conductors==

In an '''insulator''', electrons are bounded tightly to atoms, which prevents charged particles from moving through the material. If charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, the charge will remain at the location that the transfer occurred.

[[File:inschargedist.gif|thumb|180px|Charges transferred to an insulator remains at the location of transfer.]]

On the other hand, electrons are able to flow freely from particle to particle within '''conductors'''. When charge is transferred to a conductor, the charge is distributed evenly across the surface of the object via ''electron movement''. The electrons will be distributed until the repelling force between the excess electrons is minimized. This is the main difference between insulators and conductors: insulators do not have mobile charged particles whereas conductors have mobile charged particles that allow for charge transfer through the free movement of electrons. Examples of insulators include rubber and air and examples of conductors include metals and salt water.

==Transfer Charges by Conduction==

Electrons move from one object to another (especially with metals) through points of contact. An example of this is rubbing a glass rod with silk. The glass rod will become positively charged and the silk will become negatively charged; this means that electrons were transferred from the glass rod to the silk, since protons are not removed from the nuclei. Rubbing two objects together is not necessary for charge transfer, but because rubbing creates more points of contact between two objects, it facilitates charge transfer.

[[File:Conductiontransfer.gif]]

==Transfer Charges by Induction==

induction is the movement of electrons to one part of an object that is caused by the electric field of a second object. the electric field around the charged object attracts or repels electrons in the second object. polarizes
give neutral object a charge by moving a charged object near it, then grounding or taking away the other charge with hand or conductor, and then remove both so that resulting object is charged
example is rubbing balloon on hair to get negative charge, then put balloon close to black pepper, the black pepper particles will jump up and stick to the balloon because the particles were polarized so that it becomes positively charged on top and will be attracted the negatively charged balloon. electrons on the bottom of the black pepper will be grounded into the surface its sitting on, so that the black pepper particles become psotively charged.

[[File:Inductiontransfer.gif]]

==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
#How is it connected to your major?
#Is there an interesting industrial application?

== See also ==

http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Charge_Motion_in_Metals
http://www.physicsbook.gatech.edu/Polarization

===Further reading===

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

===External links===

Internet resources on this topic:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Conductors-and-Insulators
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Charge-Interactions

==References==

This section contains the the references you used while writing this page

[[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]]

2015-12-03T05:58:04Z

Lzhang375: blah blah blah

blah blah blah

2015-12-01T10:13:53Z

Lzhang375: /* Fields */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Intro Physics. This resources was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it!

Looking to make a contribution?
#Pick a specific topic from intro physics
#Add that topic, as a link to a new page, under the appropriate category listed below by editing this page.
#Copy and paste the default [[Template]] into your new page and start editing.

Please remember that this is not a textbook and you are not limited to expressing your ideas with only text and equations. Whenever possible embed: pictures, videos, diagrams, simulations, computational models (e.g. Glowscript), and whatever content you think makes learning physics easier for other students.

== Source Material ==
All of the content added to this resource must be in the public domain or similar free resource. If you are unsure about a source, contact the original author for permission. That said, there is a surprisingly large amount of introductory physics content scattered across the web. Here is an incomplete list of intro physics resources (please update as needed).
* A physics resource written by experts for an expert audience [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Physics Physics Portal]
* A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki]
* The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki]
* An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics]
* Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET]
* OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics]
* The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP]
* A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE]

== Organizing Categories ==
These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in two semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories or make a new category as needed. A single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these catagories.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
===Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Kinds of Matter]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
*[[Detecting Interactions]]
*[[Fundamental Interactions]]
*[[System & Surroundings]]
*[[Newton's First Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Second Law of Motion]]
*[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]]
*[[Gravitational Force]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Terminal Speed]]
*[[Simple Harmonic Motion]]
*[[Speed and Velocity]]
*[[Electric Polarization]]
*[[Perpetual Freefall (Orbit)]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Theory===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]]
*[[Quantum Theory]]
*[[Big Bang Theory]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Notable Scientists===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Christian Doppler]]
*[[Albert Einstein]]
*[[Ernest Rutherford]]
*[[Joseph Henry]]
*[[Michael Faraday]]
*[[J.J. Thomson]]
*[[James Maxwell]]
*[[Robert Hooke]]
*[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
*[[Nikola Tesla]]
*[[Andre Marie Ampere]]
*[[Sir Isaac Newton]]
*[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
*[[Oliver Heaviside]]
*[[Rosalind Franklin]]
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
*[[Enrico Fermi]]
*[[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]
*[[Charles de Coulomb]]
*[[Hans Christian Ørsted]]
*[[Philo Farnsworth]]
*[[Niels Bohr]]
*[[Georg Ohm]]
*[[Galileo Galilei]]
*[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]
*[[Max Planck]]
*[[Heinrich Hertz]]
*[[Edwin Hall]]
*[[James Watt]]
*[[Count Alessandro Volta]]
*[[Josiah Willard Gibbs]]
*[[Richard Phillips Feynman]]
*[[Sir David Brewster]]
*[[Daniel Bernoulli]]
*[[William Thomson]]
*[[Leonhard Euler]]
*[[Robert Fox Bacher]]
*[[Stephen Hawking]]
*[[Amedeo Avogadro]]
*[[Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]
*[[Pierre Laplace]]
*[[Thomas Edison]]
*[[Hendrik Lorentz]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Properties of Matter===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Mass]]
*[[Velocity]]
*[[Relative Velocity]]
*[[Density]]
*[[Charge]]
*[[Spin]]
*[[SI Units]]
*[[Heat Capacity]]
*[[Specific Heat]]
*[[Wavelength]]
*[[Conductivity]]
*[[Weight]]
*[[Boiling Point]]
*[[Melting Point]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Contact Interactions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Young's Modulus]]
* [[Friction]]
* [[Tension]]
* [[Hooke's Law]]
*[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]]
*[[Compression or Normal Force]]
* [[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Vectors]]
* [[Kinematics]]
* [[Conservation of Momentum]]
* [[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
* [[Momentum Principle]]
* [[Impulse Momentum]]
* [[Curving Motion]]
* [[Multi-particle Analysis of Momentum]]
* [[Iterative Prediction]]
* [[Newton's Laws and Linear Momentum]]
* [[Net Force]]
* [[Center of Mass]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Angular Momentum===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[The Moments of Inertia]]
* [[Moment of Inertia for a ring]]
* [[Rotation]]
* [[Torque]]
* [[Systems with Zero Torque]]
* [[Systems with Nonzero Torque]]
* [[Right Hand Rule]]
* [[Angular Velocity]]
* [[Predicting a Change in Rotation]]
* [[Translational Angular Momentum]]
* [[The Angular Momentum Principle]]
* [[Rotational Angular Momentum]]
* [[Total Angular Momentum]]

</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Energy===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[The Photoelectric Effect]]
*[[Photons]]
*[[The Energy Principle]]
*[[Predicting Change]]
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
*[[Kinetic Energy]]
*[[Potential Energy]]
*[[Work]]
*[[Thermal Energy]]
*[[Conservation of Energy]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
*[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
*[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
*[[Point Particle Systems]]
*[[Real Systems]]
*[[Spring Potential Energy]]
**[[Ball and Spring Model]]
*[[Internal Energy]]
**[[Potential Energy of a Pair of Neutral Atoms]]
*[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]]
*[[Franck-Hertz Experiment]]
*[[Power]]
*[[Energy Graphs]]
*[[Air Resistance]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels]]
*[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]]
*[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
*[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]]
*[[Energy Density]]
*[[Relativistic Kinetic Energy]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Collisions===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Collisions]]
*[[Maximally Inelastic Collision]]
*[[Elastic Collisions]]
*[[Inelastic Collisions]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Equal Masses]]
*[[Head-on Collision of Unequal Masses]]
*[[Rutherford Experiment and Atomic Collisions]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Fields===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[Electric Field]] of a
** [[Point Charge]]
** [[Electric Dipole]]
** [[Capacitor]]
** [[Charged Rod]]
** [[Charged Ring]]
** [[Charged Disk]]
** [[Charged Spherical Shell]]
** [[Charged Cylinder]]
**[[A Solid Sphere Charged Throughout Its Volume]]
*[[Electric Potential]]
**[[Potential Difference in a Uniform Field]]
**[[Potential Difference of point charge in a non-Uniform Field]]
**[[Sign of Potential Difference]]
**[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]]
**[[Energy Density and Electric Field]]
*[[Electric Force]]
*[[Polarization]]
*[[Charge Motion in Metals]]
*[[Charge Transfer]]
*[[Magnetic Field]]
**[[Right-Hand Rule]]
**[[Direction of Magnetic Field]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]]
**[[Magnetic Field of a Solenoid]]
**[[Bar Magnet]]
**[[Magnetic Force]]
**[[Hall Effect]]
**[[Lorentz Force]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law]]
**[[Biot-Savart Law for Currents]]
**[[Integration Techniques for Magnetic Field]]
**[[Sparks in Air]]
**[[Motional Emf]]
**[[Detecting a Magnetic Field]]
**[[Moving Point Charge]]
**[[Non-Coulomb Electric Field]]
**[[Motors and Generators]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Simple Circuits===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Components]]
*[[Steady State]]
*[[Non Steady State]]
*[[Thin and Thick Wires]]
*[[Node Rule]]
*[[Loop Rule]]
*[[Power in a circuit]]
*[[Ammeters,Voltmeters,Ohmmeters]]
*[[Current]]
*[[Ohm's Law]]
*[[Series Circuits]]
*[[RC]]
*[[Circular Loop of Wire]]
*[[RL Circuit]]
*[[LC Circuit]]
*[[Surface Charge Distributions]]
*[[Feedback]]
*[[Transformers]]
*[[Kirchoff's Circuit Laws]]
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Maxwell's Equations===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Gauss's Flux Theorem]]
**[[Electric Fields]]
**[[Magnetic Fields]]
*[[Ampere's Law]]
**[[Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law]]
*[[Faraday's Law]]
**[[Curly Electric Fields]]
**[[Inductance]]
**[[Lenz's Law]]
***[[Lenz Effect and the Jumping Ring]]
**[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]]
*[[Ampere-Maxwell Law]]
*[[Superconductors]]
**[[Meissner effect]]
</div>
</div>

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Radiation===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Producing a Radiative Electric Field]]
*[[Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Radiaton]]
*[[Lenses]]
*[[Energy and Momentum Analysis in Radiation]]
*[[Electromagnetic Propagation]]
**[[Wavelength and Frequency]]
*[[Snell's Law]]
*[[Light Propagation Through a Medium]]
*[[Light Scaterring: Why is the Sky Blue]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">

===Sound===
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
*[[Doppler Effect]]
*[[Nature, Behavior, and Properties of Sound]]
*[[Resonance]]
*[[Sound Barrier]]
</div>
</div>
*[[blahb]]
</div>
</div>

== Resources ==
* Commonly used wiki commands [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet Wiki Cheatsheet]
* A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode]
* A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]]
* An overview of [[VPython]]