View source for Jack Kilby

{{distinguish|Jack Kirby}}

{{multiple issues|
{{lead too short|date=July 2012}}
{{more footnotes|date=July 2011}}
}}

{{Infobox scientist
| name                    = Jack Kilby
| image                   = Jack Kilby.jpg
| birth_date              = {{birth date|1923|11|8}}
| birth_place             = [[Jefferson City, Missouri]], U.S.
| death_date              = {{death date and age|2005|6|20|1923|11|8}}
| death_place             = [[Dallas, Texas]], U.S.
| nationality             =  [[United States]]
| field                   = [[Physics]], [[electrical engineering]]
| work_institution        = [[Texas Instruments]]
| alma_mater              = [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]
[[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]]
| doctoral_advisor        =
| awards                  = [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] {{small|(2000)}}<br>[[National Medal of Science]] {{small|(1969)}}<br>[[IEEE Medal of Honor]] {{small|(1986)}}<br>[[Charles Stark Draper Prize]] {{small|(1989)}}<br>[[Computer Pioneer Award]] <small>(1993)</small><br>[[Kyoto Prize]] {{small|(1993)}}<br>[[Harold Pender Award]] <small>(2000)</small>
}}

'''Jack St. Clair Kilby''' (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) was an American electrical engineer who took part (along with [[Robert Noyce]]) in the realization of the first [[integrated circuit]] while working at [[Texas Instruments]] (TI) in 1958. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in physics]] on December 10, 2000.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/index.html The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000]. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 2013-11-21.</ref> To congratulate him, US President Bill Clinton wrote, "You can take pride in the knowledge that your work will help to improve lives for generations to come."<ref name=TI>{{cite web|title=Jack Kilby|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml|publisher=TI|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref>

He is also the inventor of the [[Calculator|handheld calculator]] and the [[Thermal printing|thermal printer]], for which he has patents. He also has patents for seven other inventions.<ref name="IT Invention">{{cite web|title=The Chip that Jack Built|url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackbuilt.shtml|publisher=IT Invention|accessdate=27 May 2014}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Born in [[Jefferson City, Missouri]], Jack Kilby grew up and attended school in [[Great Bend, Kansas|Great Bend]], [[Kansas]], graduating from [[Great Bend High School]]. (Road signs at the entrances to the town commemorate his time there, and the Commons Area at Great Bend High School has been named The Jack Kilby Commons Area.)

Kilby received his [[bachelor of science]] degree from the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]], where he was an honorary member of [[Acacia Fraternity]]. In 1947, he received a degree in Electrical Engineering. He obtained his [[master of science]] in [[Electrical Engineering]] from the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee|University of Wisconsin-Extension in Milwaukee]] (which later became the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]]) in 1950, while simultaneously working at [[Centralab]] in [[Milwaukee]].

==Career==

In mid-1958, Kilby, as a newly employed engineer at [[Texas Instruments]] (TI), did not yet have the right to a summer [[Annual leave|vacation]]. He spent the summer working on the problem in circuit design that was commonly called the "[[tyranny of numbers]]" and finally came to the conclusion that manufacturing the circuit components ''en masse'' in a single piece of [[semiconductor]] material could provide a solution. On September 12 he presented his findings to management, which included [[Mark Shepherd (businessman)|Mark Shepherd]]. He showed them a piece of [[germanium]] with an [[oscilloscope]] attached, pressed a switch, and the [[oscilloscope]] showed a continuous [[sine wave]], proving that his [[integrated circuit]] worked and thus that he had solved the problem. [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=O89pAAAAEBAJ&dq= U.S. Patent 3,138,743] for "Miniaturized Electronic Circuits", the first integrated circuit, was filed on February 6, 1959.<ref name=N00>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 | publisher = Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/index.html|accessdate=2011-07-14}}</ref> Along with [[Robert Noyce]] (who independently made a similar circuit a few months later), Kilby is generally credited as co-inventor of the integrated circuit.

Jack Kilby went on to pioneer military, industrial, and commercial applications of microchip technology. He headed teams that built both the first military system and the first computer incorporating integrated circuits. He later co-invented both the hand-held calculator and the thermal printer that was used in portable data terminals.

In 1970, he took a leave of absence from TI to work as an independent inventor. He explored, among other subjects, the use of silicon technology for generating electrical power from sunlight. From 1978 to 1984 he held the position of Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering at [[Texas A&M University]].

In 1983, Kilby retired from Texas Instruments.

[[Image:Kilby solid circuit.jpg|thumb|right|Jack Kilby's original integrated circuit]]

==Later life==

He died of cancer June 20, 2005 at the age of 81, in [[Dallas, Texas]].

On December 14, 2005, [[Texas Instruments]] created the [http://engr.smu.edu/card/archives.html Historic TI Archives]. The Jack Kilby family donated his personal manuscripts and his personal photograph collection to [[Southern Methodist University]] (SMU). The collection will be cataloged and stored at [http://www.smu.edu/cul/degolyer/ DeGolyer Library], SMU.

In 2008, the [[Southern Methodist University|SMU]] School of Engineering, with the DeGolyer Library and the Library of Congress, hosted a year-long celebration of the 50th anniversary of the birth of the digital age with Jack Kilby’s Nobel Prize-winning invention of the integrated circuit. Symposia and exhibits examined the many ways in which technology and engineers shaped the modern world. Jack Kilby held an honorary Doctorate of Science from SMU and was a longtime associate of SMU through the Kilby Foundation.

==Awards and honors==

Recognition of Kilby’s outstanding achievements have been made by the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers]] (IEEE), including the election to [[IEEE Fellow]] in 1966, the [[IEEE David Sarnoff Award]] in 1966,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/sarnoff_rl.pdf |title=IEEE David Sarnoff Award Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> co-recipient of the first [[IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award]] in 1978,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/brunetti_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award Recipients |publisher=IEEE |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> the [[IEEE Centennial Medal]] in 1984 and the [[IEEE Medal of Honor]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/moh_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients |publisher=IEEE |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> He was co-recipient of the [[Franklin Institute]]’s [[Stuart Ballantine Medal]] in 1966.<ref name="BallantineMedal_Laureates">{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=BAL++&sy=1965&ey=1967&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database - Stuart Ballantine Medal 1966 Laureates |publisher=[[Franklin Institute]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> In 1982 and 1989, he received the Holley Medal from the [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]] (ASME).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asme.org/about-asme/honors-awards/achievement-awards/holley-medal |title=Holley Medal |publisher=[[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> He was elected to member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] (NAE) in 1967,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/Directory20412/29087.aspx |title=NAE Members Directory - Mr. Jack S. Kilby |publisher=[[National Academy of Engineering]] |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> received the Academy’s Vladimir K. Zworykin Award in 1975, and was co-recipient of the first NAE’s [[Charles Stark Draper Prize]] in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.draperprize.org/recipients/php |title=Recipients of The Charles Stark Draper Prize |publisher=National Academy of Engineering |accessdate={{Format date|2011|12|6}}}}</ref> [http://www.kilby.org/ The Kilby Award Foundation] was founded in 1980 in his honor.

He is also the recipient of the nation’s most prestigious honors in science and engineering:  the [[National Medal of Science]] in 1969 and the [[National Medal of Technology]] in 1990. In 1982, he was inducted into the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]].

In 1993 he was awarded the prestigious [[Kyoto Prize]] by the Inamori Foundation. He was awarded both the Washington Award, administered by the Western Society of Engineers and the [[Eta Kappa Nu]] Vladimir Karapetoff Award in 1999. In 2000, Kilby was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his breakthrough discovery, and delivered his personal view of the industry and its history in his [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/kilby-lecture.pdf acceptance speech].

Kilby was awarded nine honorary doctorate degrees from Universities including [[Southern Methodist University]], the [[University of Miami]], [[University of Illinois]], [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]], [[Texas A&M University]], [[Yale]] and [[Rochester Institute of Technology]]. The [[National Chiao Tung University]] ([[NCTU]]) in [[Taiwan]] awarded Kilby with a certificate of Honorary Professorship in 1998.

The Kilby Center, TI's research center for [[silicon]] manufacturing, is named after him.

The Jack Kilby Computer Centre at the [[Merchiston]] Campus of [[Edinburgh Napier University]] in [[Edinburgh]] is also named in his honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napier.ac.uk/soc/studying/Pages/facilities.aspx |title=School of Computing - Facilities & Resources |publisher=[[Edinburgh Napier University]] |accessdate={{Format date|2012|7|24}}}}</ref>

==Kilby patents==
* {{US Patent|2892130}} ''Plug-in Circuit Units'', filed December 1953, issued June 1959, assigned to Globe-Union, Inc.
* {{US Patent|3072832}} ''Semiconductor Structure Fabrication'', filed May 1959, issued January 1963
* {{US Patent|3115581}} ''Miniature Semiconductor Integrated Circuit'', filed May 1959, issued December 1963
* {{US Patent|3138721}} ''Miniature Semiconductor Network Diode and Gate'', filed May 1959, issued June 1964
* [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=O89pAAAAEBAJ&dq= U.S. Patent 3,138,743] ''Miniaturized Electronic Circuits'', filed February 6, 1959, issued June, 1964
* {{US Patent|3138744}} ''Miniaturized Self-contained Circuit Modules'', filed May 1959, issued June 1964
* {{US Patent|3435516}} ''Semiconductor Structure Fabrication'', filed May 1959, issued April 1969
* {{US Patent|3496333}} ''Thermal Printer'', filed October 1965, issued February 1970
* [http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=li8rAAAAEBAJ&dq= U.S. Patent 3,819,921] ''Miniature Electronic Calculator'', originally filed September 1967, issued June 1974

==See also==
{{wikiquote}}
* [[Geoffrey Dummer]], the British engineer who first conceived the idea of the integrated circuit.

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*[[Leslie Berlin|Berlin, Leslie]] ''The man behind the microchip: Robert Noyce and the invention of Silicon Valley '' Publisher Oxford University Press US, 2005 ISBN 0-19-516343-5
*Lécuyer, Christophe. ''Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930-1970'' Published by MIT Press, 2006.ISBN 0262122812
*''Nobel lectures'', World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2000.

==External links==
{{wikinews|Jack Kilby, Nobel laureate and inventor of integrated circuit, dies at 81}}
* [http://www.jackkilby.com/ Honoring Jack Kilby] website, with resource archive of articles, Kilby statue in [[Great Bend, KS]] etc.
* [http://www.amazon.com/Jack-St-Clair-Kilby-Words/dp/0971840288/ "Jack St. Clair Kilby: A Man of Few Words"], biography by Ed Millis.
* {{YouTube|QD5YuVmbf-I|"Video about Jack Kilby"}}, video presentation from Texas Instruments.
* [http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml "Jack St. Clair Kilby"], biography by Texas Instruments.
* [http://purl.umn.edu/107410 Oral history interview with Jack S. Kilby] at [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.  Interview covers Kilby's entire career, including his education, work experiences at Centralab, where he worked with [[Alfred Khouri]] and Robert Wolff, and [[Texas Instruments]] (TI) under [[Willis Adcock]].  Kilby discusses TI's development and manufacturing of integrated circuits. He discusses his involvement in the development of the first hand-held calculator at TI. Discusses semiconductor developments at [[Fairchild Corporation]] and his independent work after leaving TI in 1970.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/21/AR2005062101646.html "Jack Kilby, Touching Lives on Micro and Macro Scales"] by [[T.R. Reid]], ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (June 2005).
* [http://economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4149389 Obituary]: ''[[The Economist]]'', Jul 7th 2005]
*{{Find a Grave|11213902}}
* [http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/2000/kilby-lecture.html Nobelprize.org posts Mr Kilby’s Nobel lecture]
* {{Wayback |date=20060228052820 |url=http://kilby.sytes.net/bio.html |title=Jack S. Kilby, a brief autobiography}}
* [http://www.patentgenius.com/inventor/KilbyJackS.html Jack S. Kilby Patents]
* [http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa080498.htm/ Inventors of the Modern Computer]
* [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2000/ Nobel Prize in Physics 2000]
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Jack_Kilby |title=IEEE Global History Network - Jack Kilby: Biography |publisher=[[IEEE]] |accessdate=March 2, 2011}}
* [http://kera.org/chip ''The Chip That Jack Built''], a short film by public television station [[KERA-TV|KERA]] profiling Kilby
* [http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/Nov2005/English.pdf "Tribute to Jack Kilby"], Dream 2047, November 2005

{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{2000 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{IEEE Medal of Honor 1976-2000}}
{{Winners of the National Medal of Science|engineering}}

{{Authority control}}

<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME              = Kilby, Jack
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American physicist
|DATE OF BIRTH     = November 8, 1923
|PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Jefferson City, Missouri]], [[United States|USA]]
|DATE OF DEATH     = June 20, 2005
|PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Dallas, Texas]], [[United States|USA]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kilby, Jack}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jefferson City, Missouri]]
[[Category:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni]]
[[Category:American electronics engineers]]
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients]]
[[Category:National Medal of Technology recipients]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:Texas Instruments people]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in Texas]]
[[Category:Amateur radio people]]
[[Category:Draper Prize winners]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kansas]]