Edward L. Norton - Revision history

Yangkenneth at 20:52, 5 December 2015

2015-12-05T20:52:21Z

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	Norton's Theorem Explained		Norton's Theorem Explained


	==References==		==References==

Yangkenneth: /* Application */

2015-12-05T20:50:26Z

Application

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	== Application ==		== Application ==

	Norton applied his knowledge of circuit analysis to a wide array of fields—after the second World War, he worked extensively with missile guidance controls. On the 11th of November in 1926 in a technical memorandum Design of Finite Networks for uniform Frequency Characteristic Norton quoted, ""The illustrative example considered above gives the solution for the ratio of the input to output current, since this seems to be of more practical interest. An electric network usually requires the solution for the case of a constant voltage in series with an output impedance connected to the input of the network. This condition would require the equations of the voltage divided by the current in the load to be treated as above. It is ordinarily easier, however, to make use of a simple theorem which can be easily proved, that the effect of a constant voltage E in series with an impedance Z and the network is the same as a current I=E/Z into a parallel combination of the network and the impedance Z. If, as is usually the case, Z is a pure resistance, the solution of this case reduces to the case treated above for the ratio of the two currents, with the additional complication of a resistance shunted across the input terminals of the network. If Z is not a resistance the method still applies, but here the variation of the input current E/Z must be taken into account."		Norton applied his knowledge of circuit analysis to a wide array of fields—after the second World War, he worked extensively with missile guidance controls. On the 11th of November in 1926 in a technical memorandum Design of Finite Networks for uniform Frequency Characteristic Norton quoted, "The illustrative example considered above gives the solution for the ratio of the input to output current, since this seems to be of more practical interest. An electric network usually requires the solution for the case of a constant voltage in series with an output impedance connected to the input of the network. This condition would require the equations of the voltage divided by the current in the load to be treated as above. It is ordinarily easier, however, to make use of a simple theorem which can be easily proved, that the effect of a constant voltage E in series with an impedance Z and the network is the same as a current I=E/Z into a parallel combination of the network and the impedance Z. If, as is usually the case, Z is a pure resistance, the solution of this case reduces to the case treated above for the ratio of the two currents, with the additional complication of a resistance shunted across the input terminals of the network. If Z is not a resistance the method still applies, but here the variation of the input current E/Z must be taken into account."

	== Norton's Theorem ==		== Norton's Theorem ==

Yangkenneth: /* Telegraph */

2015-12-05T20:50:02Z

Telegraph

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	Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.		Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.

	== ~~Telegraph~~ ==		== Application ==

			Norton applied his knowledge of circuit analysis to a wide array of fields—after the second World War, he worked extensively with missile guidance controls. On the 11th of November in 1926 in a technical memorandum Design of Finite Networks for uniform Frequency Characteristic Norton quoted, ""The illustrative example considered above gives the solution for the ratio of the input to output current, since this seems to be of more practical interest. An electric network usually requires the solution for the case of a constant voltage in series with an output impedance connected to the input of the network. This condition would require the equations of the voltage divided by the current in the load to be treated as above. It is ordinarily easier, however, to make use of a simple theorem which can be easily proved, that the effect of a constant voltage E in series with an impedance Z and the network is the same as a current I=E/Z into a parallel combination of the network and the impedance Z. If, as is usually the case, Z is a pure resistance, the solution of this case reduces to the case treated above for the ratio of the two currents, with the additional complication of a resistance shunted across the input terminals of the network. If Z is not a resistance the method still applies, but here the variation of the input current E/Z must be taken into account."
	He applied his ~~deep~~ knowledge of circuit analysis to ~~many fields, and after~~ World War II he worked ~~on Nike~~ missile guidance ~~systems~~. On November ~~11,~~ 1926~~, he wrote the~~ technical memorandum Design of Finite Networks for ~~Uniform~~ Frequency Characteristic, ~~that contains the following paragraph on page 9:~~
	"The illustrative example considered above gives the solution for the ratio of the input to output current, since this seems to be of more practical interest. An electric network usually requires the solution for the case of a constant voltage in series with an output impedance connected to the input of the network. This condition would require the equations of the voltage divided by the current in the load to be treated as above. It is ordinarily easier, however, to make use of a simple theorem which can be easily proved, that the effect of a constant voltage E in series with an impedance Z and the network is the same as a current I=E/Z into a parallel combination of the network and the impedance Z. If, as is usually the case, Z is a pure resistance, the solution of this case reduces to the case treated above for the ratio of the two currents, with the additional complication of a resistance shunted across the input terminals of the network. If Z is not a resistance the method still applies, but here the variation of the input current E/Z must be taken into account."


	Norton was something of a legendary figure in network theory work who turned out a prodigious number of designs armed only with a slide rule and his intuition. Many anecdotes survive. On one occasion T.C. Fry called in his network theory group, which included at that time Bode, Darlington and R.L. Dietzold among others, and told them: "You fellows had better not sign up for any graduate courses or other outside work this coming year because you are going to take over the network design that Ed Norton has been doing single-handed." [A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Transmission Technology (1925-1975), p. 210]

	== Norton's Theorem ==		== Norton's Theorem ==

Yangkenneth: /* References */

2015-12-05T20:40:41Z

References

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	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%27s_theorem		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%27s_theorem

			http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/cours/1005-01/equiv.pdf

Yangkenneth: /* References */

2015-12-05T20:35:52Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	~~http~~://~~www~~.~~ece~~.~~rice.edu/~dhj/norton/~~		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lawry_Norton

	~~http://eleceng.adelaide.edu.au/about/history~~/~~famous-scientists~~/

	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%27s_theorem		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%27s_theorem

Yangkenneth: /* Publications */

2015-12-05T20:27:35Z

Publications

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	Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.		Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.




	== Telegraph ==		== Telegraph ==

Yangkenneth: /* Telegraph */

2015-12-05T20:25:55Z

Telegraph

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	Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.		Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.




	== Telegraph ==		== Telegraph ==

Yangkenneth: /* Norton's Theorem */

2015-12-05T20:24:56Z

Norton's Theorem

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	Norton's equivalent circuit has been used to represent any network of linear sources and impedances at a given frequency. Norton never published this result or mentioned it in any of his 18 patents and 3 publications. In Europe, his theorem is known as the Mayer-Norton equivalent. The German telecommunications engineer Hans Ferdinand Mayer published the same result in the same month as Norton's technical memorandum. Norton retired in 1961 and died on January 28, 1983 at the King James Nursing Home in Chatham, New Jersey.		Norton's equivalent circuit has been used to represent any network of linear sources and impedances at a given frequency. Norton never published this result or mentioned it in any of his 18 patents and 3 publications. In Europe, his theorem is known as the Mayer-Norton equivalent. The German telecommunications engineer Hans Ferdinand Mayer published the same result in the same month as Norton's technical memorandum. Norton retired in 1961 and died on January 28, 1983 at the King James Nursing Home in Chatham, New Jersey.

			[[File: 3.png\|200px\|thumb\|left \|Publications]]

	===Further Sources===		===Further Sources===

Yangkenneth: /* Publications */

2015-12-05T20:24:32Z

Publications

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 [[File: 18.png|200px|thumb|left |Patients]]
 Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.
 == Telegraph ==

Yangkenneth: /* Telegraph */

2015-12-05T20:23:37Z

Telegraph

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:23, 5 December 2015
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	Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.		Among Norton's publications include a consistent subject of resistance networks with applications to filter groups—including the Bell System Technical Journal, magnetic fluxmeter in the Bell Laboratories Record and dynamic measurements on electromagnetic devices in the Transactions of the AIEE. Throughout his career, Norton had written ninety-two technical memoranda—however, because of his lack of publications most of the work that Norton preferred were behind the scene. As described in his history in Bell Labs, Norton's reserved nature contradicted his capabilities.













	== Telegraph ==		== Telegraph ==