Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference - Revision history

Laurence12799: Blanked the page

2019-08-06T17:07:30Z

Blanked the page

Laurence12799 at 03:15, 29 July 2019

2019-07-29T03:15:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:15, 28 July 2019
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	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==

			==History==

	==See also==		==See also==

Laurence12799 at 16:01, 26 July 2019

2019-07-26T16:01:30Z

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-This section will be sharing how to calculate energy transfer in systems that are affected by temperature changes. This related to Chapter 7 in the Text Book and Exam 3.
+==Main Idea==
-Woong Jun Park<br>
+==References==
-<b>Carter Gillon (cgillon3), Fall 2016</b>
+This section will be sharing how to calculate energy transfer in systems that are affected by temperature changes. This related to Chapter 7 in the Text Book and Exam 3.
 ==The Main Idea==

Cgillon3 at 03:48, 28 November 2016

2016-11-28T03:48:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:48, 27 November 2016
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	<b>Carter Gillon (cgillon3), Fall 2016</b>		<b>Carter Gillon (cgillon3), Fall 2016</b>
			(All figures drawn by me)

	==The Main Idea==		==The Main Idea==

Cgillon3: /* References */

2016-11-28T03:33:47Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	"A Brief History of Heat and Work." A Brief History of Heat and Work. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. ~~2015~~.\		"A Brief History of Heat and Work." A Brief History of Heat and Work. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.

	~~"Application of Specific Heat Capacity" : Application of Specific Heat Capacity~~. N.p.~~, n~~.d. ~~Web~~. ~~10 Nov~~. 2015.		Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter & Interactions. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2015. Print.

	"CHAPTER 4: HEAT." : 4.2 Specific Heat Capacity. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.		"CHAPTER 4: HEAT." : 4.2 Specific Heat Capacity. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.
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	Received 23 August 2013, Revised 3 September 2013, Accepted 10 September 2013, Available online 22 October 2013		Received 23 August 2013, Revised 3 September 2013, Accepted 10 September 2013, Available online 22 October 2013

	"~~Re: What Are Some Practical Uses of Determining the Specific Heat of a Metal?~~" ~~Re: What Are Some Practical Uses of Determining the Specific Heat of a Metal?~~ N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. ~~2015~~.		"Phlogiston Theory." Phlogiston Theory. N.p., 17 Oct. 1997. Web. 27 Nov. 2016.



	[[Category:Energy]]		[[Category:Energy]]

Cgillon3: /* History */

2016-11-28T03:25:32Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 27 November 2016
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	==History==		==History==

	The ~~history~~ of heat ~~and work can be dated back to~~ 1789 ~~when the French scientist~~ Antoine Lavoisier ~~created a new~~ theory - the ~~<i>phlogiston~~ theory~~</i> on Chemistry~~ that ~~basically negated~~ all ~~previous findings~~ of ~~combustion~~. ~~He gave~~ heat ~~a meaning~~ and ~~definition~~ that ~~led to~~ the ~~interpretation~~ of heat ~~that is accepted~~ today.		The first modern understanding of heat was developed in 1789 by Antoine Lavoisier, who proposed the calorific theory. This replaced the “phlogiston” theory, which was the previously accepted understanding of what caused heat, which stated that all combustible materials contain a certain amount of “phlogiston”, which was liberated from the material through burning. Lavoisier’s calorific theory proposed that heat was an invisible, weightless fluid, and that the temperature of a substance was dependent on how much calorific fluid was in it. This, of course, is not at all how we think of heat today; however, this approach was still useful for heat calculations.

	~~The modern interpretation~~ is ~~what~~ we ~~hold true~~ in ~~the example questions~~ that ~~we used earlier Q = mCdeltatT~~.		For example: suppose you have an insulated container with 100 gram of water at 20 °C, and you drop in a 10 gram at 100 °C. What is the final temperature? Lavoisier pictured that to solve this problem, you would imagine that you had two containers of equal size containing each volume of fluid. Each container’s fluid height would be at different levels depending on how much calorific fluid the object had. If you connected the containers by the bottom, the fluid level of each side would rise or fall until they were at equal heights (equal temperature). This is essentially how we think of energy transfer problems now, where two substances start at different temperatures, and given infinite time in contact, their temperatures will reach an equilibrium. Lavoisier’s theory works because it’s principle is that heat is conserved.

	In 1798, Benjamin Thompson ~~- minister for war and police~~ in the ~~German state of Bavaria - wanted~~ to ~~figure out where all~~ the heat from the ~~cannons were coming from~~. He ~~observed~~ that the surroundings ~~of the cannon got hotter and not colder~~. He ~~hypothesized~~ that ~~some of~~ the mechanical work ~~done~~ on the cannon was ~~converted~~ to ~~heat~~.		The idea that heat could be converted into work, and vice versa, was established in 1798 by Benjamin Thompson. He observed, that when cannons were bored (drilling a hole in the cannon to hold the projectile), the metal would heat up significantly. At first, he thought that the heat from external air was flowing into the cannon, which would mean that as the cannon heated up, the surroundings would cool down. He found the opposite: that the cannon was releasing heat into the surroundings. He then drew the conclusion that the mechanical work that the drill was doing on the cannon was converting into heat, causing the temperature of the cannon to increase.

	In ~~1849~~, English physicist James Prescott Joule published his work and findings on the conversion of work to heat that Thompson started. He formulated <i>work equivalent of heat.</i> 1 newton meter of work = 0.241 calories of heat.		In 1850, Clausius, a German physicist, determined that the conserved quantity of energy that caused temperature change was neither solely heat nor work, but a combination of the two, leading to the equation: <math>ΔE = Q – W</math>, where <math>Q</math> is the absorbed heat from surroundings and <math>W</math> is the work done on the surroundings.

	~~In 1850~~, German physicist ~~Clausius published his works on how~~ conserved quantity is neither heat nor work, but a combination of ~~both. He named this Energy and that is where we get~~ the ~~macroscopic~~ equation ~~deltaE~~ = Q - W.

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Cgillon3: /* A Computational Model */

2016-11-28T02:57:07Z

A Computational Model

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	===A Computational Model===		===A Computational Model===

	~~Check~~ this video ~~out for a brief understanding of how Heat & Temperature relate~~ to ~~Physics~~. <br>		Do not confuse heat with temperature! In our everyday lives, we often use those two words interchangeably (if something has a high temperature, it has a lot of heat). This is incorrect when it comes to physics. Watch this video to learn the difference between the two. <br>
	[https://www.youtube.com/embed/bODiX2PjCPE Heat Transfer]		[https://www.youtube.com/embed/bODiX2PjCPE Heat Transfer]

	~~Check this~~ video ~~out for~~ a ~~detailed look into~~ the ~~topic~~.<br>		This video gives a very good overview of the energy principle, <math>∆E_{system} = W + Q</math> + ''other energy transfers'', and how all of those variables relate to one another.<br>
	[https://www.youtube.com/embed/XmXr58ySUhI Relationship between deltaE and Q+W]		[https://www.youtube.com/embed/XmXr58ySUhI Relationship between deltaE and Q+W]

Cgillon3: /* Connectedness */

2016-11-28T02:49:14Z

Connectedness

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 27 November 2016
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	Using the principle of energy transfer due to a temperature difference, you can write a differential equation to describe the change in temperature of stream 1 as a function of length, which comes out to be the following when simplified:		Using the principle of energy transfer due to a temperature difference, you can write a differential equation to describe the change in temperature of stream 1 as a function of length, which comes out to be the following when simplified:

	~~<math>(dT_1)/(dx) = (hA_s)/(q_1ρ_1C_p_1)(T_1 - T_2)</math>~~		[[File:Exchangerequation.gif]]

	Where:		Where:

Cgillon3: /* Connectedness */

2016-11-28T02:44:46Z

Connectedness

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 27 November 2016
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	Using the principle of energy transfer due to a temperature difference, you can write a differential equation to describe the change in temperature of stream 1 as a function of length, which comes out to be the following when simplified:		Using the principle of energy transfer due to a temperature difference, you can write a differential equation to describe the change in temperature of stream 1 as a function of length, which comes out to be the following when simplified:

	<math>(~~T_1~~)/(x) = (hA_s)/(q_1ρ_1C_p_1) (T_1 - T_2)</math>		<math>(dT_1)/(dx) = (hA_s)/(q_1ρ_1C_p_1)(T_1 - T_2)</math>

	Where:		Where:

Cgillon3: /* Connectedness */

2016-11-28T02:44:23Z

Connectedness

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 27 November 2016
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	Using the principle of energy transfer due to a temperature difference, you can write a differential equation to describe the change in temperature of stream 1 as a function of length, which comes out to be the following when simplified:		Using the principle of energy transfer due to a temperature difference, you can write a differential equation to describe the change in temperature of stream 1 as a function of length, which comes out to be the following when simplified:

	<math>(~~δT_1~~)/(δx) (hA_s)/(q_1ρ_1C_p_1) (T_1 - T_2)</math>		<math>(T_1)/(x) = (hA_s)/(q_1ρ_1C_p_1) (T_1 - T_2)</math>

	Where:		Where: