Heinrich Hertz - Revision history

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* Further Research */

2015-12-06T04:36:53Z

Further Research

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:36, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:electromagnetic-spectrum.png\|250px\|thumb\|left\|The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Hertz's contribution to the spectrum was his discovery of radio waves.]]		[[File:electromagnetic-spectrum.png\|250px\|thumb\|left\|The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Hertz's contribution to the spectrum was his discovery of radio waves.]]

	Hertz performed more experiments and was soon able to fully verify Maxwell's theory. He demonstrated that the energy radiating from his electrical oscillators could be reflected, refracted, and could produce interference ~~patters~~ and standing waves similar to light. His experiments, in fact, provided evidence that radio waves and light waves came from what ~~we call~~ today the electromagnetic spectrum.		Hertz performed more experiments and was soon able to fully verify Maxwell's theory. He demonstrated that the energy radiating from his electrical oscillators could be reflected, refracted, and could produce interference patterns and standing waves similar to light. His experiments, in fact, provided evidence that radio waves and light waves came from what today is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.


	==The Photoelectric Effect==		==The Photoelectric Effect==

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* The Oscillator */

2015-12-06T04:35:42Z

The Oscillator

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:35, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

	In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.		In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves! He passed electrical energy through the air from one device to another with no use of connecting wires.

	===Further Research===		===Further Research===

GTPhysicsStudent2015 at 04:33, 6 December 2015

2015-12-06T04:33:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:33, 6 December 2015
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	While Hertz was at Karlsruhe, he decided that the focus of his research should be on proving Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic radiation. One day, Hertz was showing his students electric sparks. He performed a series of experiments that generated sparks in various ways. Through these experiments, Hertz discovered that the sparks were producing a regular electrical vibration within the electric wires they jumped between. According to Hertz, the vibration moving back and forth was more often every second than what he had ever encountered before. He knew that the vibration was made up of rapidly accelerating and decelerating electric charges. Hertz began to wonder that if Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism was correct, the electric charges would radiate electromagnetic waves which would pass through the air as light.		While Hertz was at Karlsruhe, he decided that the focus of his research should be on proving Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic radiation. One day, Hertz was showing his students electric sparks. He performed a series of experiments that generated sparks in various ways. Through these experiments, Hertz discovered that the sparks were producing a regular electrical vibration within the electric wires they jumped between. According to Hertz, the vibration moving back and forth was more often every second than what he had ever encountered before. He knew that the vibration was made up of rapidly accelerating and decelerating electric charges. Hertz began to wonder that if Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism was correct, the electric charges would radiate electromagnetic waves which would pass through the air as light.

			[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]

	===The Oscillator===		===The Oscillator===

	~~[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]~~
	[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]
	[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

GTPhysicsStudent2015 at 04:32, 6 December 2015

2015-12-06T04:32:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:32, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]		[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]
	[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]
	[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|~~left~~\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

	In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.		In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.

	===Further Research===		===Further Research===

			[[File:electromagnetic-spectrum.png\|250px\|thumb\|left\|The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Hertz's contribution to the spectrum was his discovery of radio waves.]]

	Hertz performed more experiments and was soon able to fully verify Maxwell's theory. He demonstrated that the energy radiating from his electrical oscillators could be reflected, refracted, and could produce interference patters and standing waves similar to light. His experiments, in fact, provided evidence that radio waves and light waves came from what we call today the electromagnetic spectrum.		Hertz performed more experiments and was soon able to fully verify Maxwell's theory. He demonstrated that the energy radiating from his electrical oscillators could be reflected, refracted, and could produce interference patters and standing waves similar to light. His experiments, in fact, provided evidence that radio waves and light waves came from what we call today the electromagnetic spectrum.

	~~[[File:electromagnetic-spectrum.png\|250px\|thumb\|left\|The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Hertz's contribution to the spectrum was his discovery of radio waves.]]~~

	==The Photoelectric Effect==		==The Photoelectric Effect==

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* The Oscillator */

2015-12-06T04:31:10Z

The Oscillator

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:31, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]		[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]
	[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]
			[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

	In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.		In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.


	~~[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]~~

	===Further Research===		===Further Research===

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* The Oscillator */

2015-12-06T04:30:47Z

The Oscillator

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:30, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]		[[File:heinrich-hertz-oscillator.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|The Oscillator: Hollow zinc spheres are connected to copper wire which runs into the middle where there is a gap for sparks to jump between.]]
			[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]

	In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.		In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.

	~~[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]~~

	[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* Discovery of Radio Waves */

2015-12-06T04:29:47Z

Discovery of Radio Waves

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:29, 6 December 2015
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	In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.		In 1887, Hertz created the oscillator, his first radio transmitter, which was an apparatus consisting of a pair of one meter copper wires with 30 cm zinc spheres at the end. He used a coil-driven spark gap and the wire as a radiator and his receiver was a half-wave dipole antenna. He applied high-voltage across the central spark-gap, which created sparks and the sparks in turn caused violent pulses of electric current within the copper wires. These pulses vibrated within the wires and just as James Maxwell had predicted in his electromagnetic theory, the oscillating electric charges produced electromagnetic waves. These waves were radio waves and they spread out through the air around the wires. Hertz had produced and detected radio waves. He passed electrical energy through the air from device to another with no use of connecting wires.

	[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|~~300px~~\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]

	[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|~~300px~~\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|200px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

	===Further Research===		===Further Research===

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* The Oscillator */

2015-12-06T04:29:06Z

The Oscillator

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:29, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]

	[[File:~~transverseEMwave~~.~~png~~\|300px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:TransverseEMwave.PNG\|300px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

	===Further Research===		===Further Research===

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* The Oscillator */

2015-12-06T04:28:02Z

The Oscillator

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:28, 6 December 2015
Line 24:		Line 24:

	[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]		[[File:hertz_experiment.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Conceptual Schematic of Hertz's Experiment]]

			[[File:transverseEMwave.png\|300px\|thumb\|left\|Theoretical Results from Hertz's Experiment]]

	===Further Research===		===Further Research===

GTPhysicsStudent2015: /* Hertz's Principle of Least Curvature */

2015-12-06T04:20:43Z

Hertz's Principle of Least Curvature

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:20, 6 December 2015
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	[[File:photoelectric-effect.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Photoelectric Effect]]		[[File:photoelectric-effect.png\|200px\|thumb\|right\|Photoelectric Effect]]

	~~==Hertz's Principle of Least Curvature==~~

	==SI Unit Hertz==		==SI Unit Hertz==