Superconductors - Revision history

Ahuot at 20:04, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T20:04:11Z

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	'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously. Google last month (October 2019) demonstrated quantum supremacy for the first time, meaning a quantum computer outperformed the any classical computer for a specific application.		'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously. Google last month (October 2019) demonstrated quantum supremacy for the first time, meaning a quantum computer outperformed the any classical computer for a specific application.

	[[File:~~Example.jpg]]~~/Users/andrewhuot/Desktop/20180405-ibm-q-quantum-computer-02.jpg		[[File: /Users/andrewhuot/Desktop/20180405-ibm-q-quantum-computer-02.jpg]

	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==

Ahuot at 20:03, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T20:03:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 21 November 2019
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	'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously. Google last month (October 2019) demonstrated quantum supremacy for the first time, meaning a quantum computer outperformed the any classical computer for a specific application.		'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously. Google last month (October 2019) demonstrated quantum supremacy for the first time, meaning a quantum computer outperformed the any classical computer for a specific application.

			[[File:Example.jpg]]/Users/andrewhuot/Desktop/20180405-ibm-q-quantum-computer-02.jpg

	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==

Ahuot at 20:01, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T20:01:03Z

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	'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).		'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).

	'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously.		'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously. Google last month (October 2019) demonstrated quantum supremacy for the first time, meaning a quantum computer outperformed the any classical computer for a specific application.

Ahuot at 19:56, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T19:56:31Z

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	'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).		'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).

	'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations.		'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Companies such as Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Intel as well as various universities (shout out to GT!) Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations. Quantum computers rely on quibits in a similar manner to how classical computers rely on bits. A quibit is similar to a bit in the sense that it can take on two distinct states, yet dissimilar because of superposition where both states can exist simultaneously.

Ahuot at 19:39, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T19:39:06Z

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	'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).		'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).

			'''Quantum Computing''' - Quantum computing is cited by many experts to be one of the most impactful areas of technological development in the intermediate future. As traditional computers begin to approach limits in the coming years in regards to how many transistors can fit in a smaller and smaller area, possibly spelling the end to Moores Law, experts are looking to quantum computers to fill the gap. Most quantum computers rely on superconductors to perform their operations.


	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==

Ahuot at 18:23, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T18:23:15Z

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	'''Medical devides'''- superconductors have possible uses in medical devices ranging from MRI to NMR machines, both of which can be used in modern medicine to help diagnose various medical conditions such as cancer and discovering early signs of distress from a pregnancy. Superconducting magnets are used to form a strong magnetic field around a patient, and using radio frequencies and very powerful magnetic fields in combination with sophisticated computer software allows for the detailed imaging of soft tissues and bones in a non invasive procedure.		'''Medical devides'''- superconductors have possible uses in medical devices ranging from MRI to NMR machines, both of which can be used in modern medicine to help diagnose various medical conditions such as cancer and discovering early signs of distress from a pregnancy. Superconducting magnets are used to form a strong magnetic field around a patient, and using radio frequencies and very powerful magnetic fields in combination with sophisticated computer software allows for the detailed imaging of soft tissues and bones in a non invasive procedure.

			'''Energy Transport''' - However, at present, and for the foreseeable future, high-temperature superconducting wires cannot compete economically and technically with low-temperature superconductors (Watson 1999). Novel approaches to overcome the current limitations of high-Tc materials, such as the application of flux tubes, has been proposed by Watson and Bolt (2000).

	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==

Ahuot at 17:26, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T17:26:14Z

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	When you lower the temperature of a metal, its resistance decreases. This principle can be demonstrated by bringing a small circuit with a bulb slowly down in temperature, which because of ohm's law, would result in the bulb beginning to glow brighter; as there is a greater amount (a higher magnitude) of current flowing through it. That is until the circuit would heat itself back up and thus nullify the current increase allowed by lowering the circuits temperature in the first place. By lowering the temperature, the resistance is lowered which when V=IR is taken into account, lowering R (resistance) causes a raise in I (current), which ultimately leads to a rise in brightness.		When you lower the temperature of a metal, its resistance decreases. This principle can be demonstrated by bringing a small circuit with a bulb slowly down in temperature, which because of ohm's law, would result in the bulb beginning to glow brighter; as there is a greater amount (a higher magnitude) of current flowing through it. That is until the circuit would heat itself back up and thus nullify the current increase allowed by lowering the circuits temperature in the first place. By lowering the temperature, the resistance is lowered which when V=IR is taken into account, lowering R (resistance) causes a raise in I (current), which ultimately leads to a rise in brightness.

	For most materials, decreasing their temperatures decreases their resistance in such a way that when taking them to absolute zero (0°K or close to it) it causes the materials to experience a resistance decrease that goes towards zero. A special case of this phenomena are materials known as superconductors which are able to lose all electric resistance at varying temperatures, although most require extremely low temperatures to behave as proper superconductors.		For most materials, decreasing their temperatures decreases their resistance in such a way that when taking them to absolute zero (0°K or close to it) it causes the materials to experience a resistance decrease that goes towards zero. A special case of this phenomena are materials known as superconductors which are able to lose all electric resistance at varying temperatures, although most require extremely low temperatures to behave as proper superconductors. Superconductivity has been found to occur in many metallic elements and also inter metallic elements, but is reserved to these two material groups. There are a few metals that are not superconductors including Li, Na, and K. Interestingly, superconductivity is unique because unlike many other physical phenomena (ionization potential, electro-negativity, etc.) it is not relatable to the periodic table. Even more surprising, superconductivity doesn't correlate with conductivity!


	What is happening at the molecular level is that the atoms vibrate slowly enough so as to diminish their attraction of the electrons that pass by them in close proximity, and the attractions are minimized to the point where electrons are able to flow through the conductor with no resistance.		What is happening at the molecular level is that the atoms vibrate slowly enough so as to diminish their attraction of the electrons that pass by them in close proximity, and the attractions are minimized to the point where electrons are able to flow through the conductor with no resistance.

	In order for a conductor to be a superconductors they must be within a certain range, below their critical temperature and critical magnetic field. If it becomes warmer than the highest critical value, or the magnetic field is stronger than the allowed value, they might be very good conductors, but not superconductors.		In order for a conductor to be a superconductors they must be within a certain range, below their critical temperature and critical magnetic field. If it becomes warmer than the highest critical value, or the magnetic field is stronger than the allowed value, they might be very good conductors, but not superconductors. Closely correlated with the

	Much like running through a tunnel where a group of people have filled it and lined up to high five a runner which acts like an electron, and the people trying to high five the runner are the atoms in the wire. When the temperature is lowered and it becomes very cold, the people no longer want (or can) high five the runner (electron).		Much like running through a tunnel where a group of people have filled it and lined up to high five a runner which acts like an electron, and the people trying to high five the runner are the atoms in the wire. When the temperature is lowered and it becomes very cold, the people no longer want (or can) high five the runner (electron).


	'''Critical Temperature''' often labeled as Tc, or critical temperature. This is the temperature at which the superconductor needs to be beneath in order for it to exhibit these behaviors. Some superconductors are more useful than others because they have higher critical temperatures. To see a table of these, click [[here]]. Obviously, some have more practical applications than others because of these temperatures.		'''Critical Temperature''' often labeled as Tc, or critical temperature. This is the temperature at which the superconductor needs to be beneath in order for it to exhibit these behaviors. Some superconductors are more useful than others because they have higher critical temperatures. To see a table of these, click [[here]]. Obviously, some have more practical applications than others because of these temperatures.

Ahuot at 16:57, 21 November 2019

2019-11-21T16:57:58Z

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	'''Claimed by ~~Luis Alberto Icaza~~'''		'''Claimed by Andrew Huot Fall 2019'''
	Superconductors are materials that can conduct electricity (or current) perfectly, meaning that no energy is lost to electric [[Resistivity\|resistance]] and there is no magnetic flux fields expelled when they carry a current. In order to understand the significance of this property of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductor superconductors] and see some examples, it's important to understand what electrical [[Resistivity\|resistance]] is and why it can become a problem when moving energy around. Superconductors can also prevent the prescience of all magnetic fields on the inside of the material itself, known by the name of the [[Meissner_effect\|Meisner effect]].		Superconductors are materials that can conduct electricity (or current) perfectly, meaning that no energy is lost to electric [[Resistivity\|resistance]] and there is no magnetic flux fields expelled when they carry a current. In order to understand the significance of this property of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductor superconductors] and see some examples, it's important to understand what electrical [[Resistivity\|resistance]] is and why it can become a problem when moving energy around. Superconductors can also prevent the prescience of all magnetic fields on the inside of the material itself, known by the name of the [[Meissner_effect\|Meisner effect]].

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	--by ~~Luis Alberto Icaza Paredes~~ Fall ~~2016~~		--by Andrew Huot Fall 2019

Laip3: /* Applications of Superconductors */

2016-11-27T10:33:34Z

Applications of Superconductors

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	Photo curtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CERN_LHC_Tunnel1.jpg		Photo curtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CERN_LHC_Tunnel1.jpg

	‘’’Transportation’’’- through a phenomena called [[~~Quantum_Levitation~~\|Quantum Levitation]], superconductors can be used to create an object that can levitate, where the superconductor floats above a magnet by the “cushion” generated by the magnetic field interacting with the superconductor. This capability of superconductors could be used for futuristic transportation devices like hoverboards, or a proposed theoretical super efficient railway.		‘’’Transportation’’’- through a phenomena called [[Meisner_effect\|Quantum Levitation]], superconductors can be used to create an object that can levitate, where the superconductor floats above a magnet by the “cushion” generated by the magnetic field interacting with the superconductor. This capability of superconductors could be used for futuristic transportation devices like hoverboards, or a proposed theoretical super efficient railway.

	[[File:Lexus_Hoverboard_Mockup.jpg]]		[[File:Lexus_Hoverboard_Mockup.jpg]]

Laip3: /* Applications of Superconductors */

2016-11-27T10:32:37Z

Applications of Superconductors

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	Photo curtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CERN_LHC_Tunnel1.jpg		Photo curtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CERN_LHC_Tunnel1.jpg

	~~'''Futuristic Technology like Hover boards'''~~- through a phenomena called Quantum Levitation, superconductors can be used to create ~~things~~ that levitate- the superconductor ~~will float easily~~ above a magnet. This could be ~~potentially~~ used for ~~all sorts of levitation~~ devices like ~~cars,~~ hoverboards, or ~~stuff we can't even imagine yet. To read more about [[Quantum Levitation, click here]]~~.		‘’’Transportation’’’- through a phenomena called [[Quantum_Levitation\|Quantum Levitation]], superconductors can be used to create an object that can levitate, where the superconductor floats above a magnet by the “cushion” generated by the magnetic field interacting with the superconductor. This capability of superconductors could be used for futuristic transportation devices like hoverboards, or a proposed theoretical super efficient railway.

	[[File:Lexus_Hoverboard_Mockup.jpg]]		[[File:Lexus_Hoverboard_Mockup.jpg]]
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	Photo curtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lexus_Hoverboard_mockup_at_IAA_Frankfurt_2015_IMG_9297.jpg		Photo curtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lexus_Hoverboard_mockup_at_IAA_Frankfurt_2015_IMG_9297.jpg

	~~'''Cool cell phones'''~~- current ~~never disappears~~ in a superconducting loop ~~of metal~~, so technology with superconducting ~~metal would~~ never run out of power, but continue to be charged ~~forever~~. This could ~~cut down on electricity usage worldwide, allowing~~ for ~~some serious~~ energy ~~savings~~.		‘’’Energy Storage’’’- current in a in a superconducting loop could theoretically never dissipate, so technology equipped with superconducting material energy storage could never run out of power, but continue to be charged. This could allow for a drastic reduction in energy usage around the world.

	'''~~medicine~~'''- superconductors have uses in MRI ~~machines and~~ NMR machines, both which can be used in modern medicine to help diagnose various medical conditions. Superconducting magnets are used to form a strong magnetic field around ~~the person~~, ~~switching on~~ and ~~off to create~~ the ~~thumping sound~~ of ~~the machine. The machines do require lots of liquid helium to keep temperatures well below the Tc for~~ a ~~given metal in use~~.		'''Medical devides'''- superconductors have possible uses in medical devices ranging from MRI to NMR machines, both of which can be used in modern medicine to help diagnose various medical conditions such as cancer and discovering early signs of distress from a pregnancy. Superconducting magnets are used to form a strong magnetic field around a patient, and using radio frequencies and very powerful magnetic fields in combination with sophisticated computer software allows for the detailed imaging of soft tissues and bones in a non invasive procedure.

	==Connectedness==		==Connectedness==