Supersymmetry: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:12, 27 November 2016

Supersymmetry is the postulated existence of one-to-one correspondence between fundamental fermions and fundamental bosons as predicted by string theory. This proposed symmetry has not been observed, but could hold true at higher energies than presently observable. [2] [3] Supersymmetry acts as an expansion of the standard model of particle physics. The discovery of the higgs boson in 2012 completed the standard model, but it still leaves some questions unanswered. Supersymmetry aims to fill gaps left by the standard model and explain the phenomena of particle interactions. [1]

Implications

Supersymmetry would more than double the number of standard model particles because it requires each known particle, as well as a few undiscovered ones, to have a superpartner (shown in the outer ring of the diagram below). Supersymmetry may provide a means for unifying the strong and weak nuclear forces in addition to yielding explanations for the existence and composition of dark matter. [1] [2]

[1]

Applications

The way tiny particles interact have extremely large-scale ramifications, such as our understanding of how certain natural phenomena such as black holes and galaxies exist as they do. For instance, gravity may appear to be a simple concept, but it actually would require supersymmetry or a similar expansion upon the standard model in order to acquire a solid explanation. [5] Proof of supersymmetry would likely not be applicable to daily life in any way, however, it would shape our understanding of both particle and astrophysics, and determine the path of future scientific questions.

History

Hironari Miyazawa was the first person to propose supersymmetry, in a theory relating mesons and baryons. Because of how broken his symmetry was, his work was largely ignored. Two groups of scientists all independently began working on a supersymmetry in quantum field theory around the same time, J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita(1971), Yu. A. Golfand and E. P. Likhtman(1971), and D. V. Volkov and V. P. Akulov(1972). The Gervais-Sakita works arose because of an early version of string theory. The model proposed by Pierre Fayet, known as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, was the first realistic model in superstring theory proposed.[1] [3] [4]

External Sources and Links

[1] "New Particle, New Questions," NewScientist, ed. July 14, 2012.

[1] Introduction to Supersymmetry by Hitoshi Murayama

[2] String Theory and Supersymmetry for Dummies

[3] Supersymmetry by Christine Sutton

[5] The Quantum Universe (pp. 196-207) by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw

References

"New Particle, New Questions," NewScientist, ed. July 14, 2012.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry

http://hitoshi.berkeley.edu/public_html/susy/susy.html

http://www.britannica.com/science/supersymmetry

http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/string-theory-the-history-of-supersymmetry.html

The Quantum Universe (pp. 196-207) by Brian Cox and Jeff Foresaw

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Short Description of Topic
+Supersymmetry is the postulated existence of one-to-one correspondence between fundamental fermions and fundamental bosons as predicted by string theory. This proposed symmetry has not been observed, but could hold true at higher energies than presently observable. [2] [3] Supersymmetry acts as an expansion of the standard model of particle physics. The discovery of the higgs boson in 2012 completed the standard model, but it still leaves some questions unanswered. Supersymmetry aims to fill gaps left by the standard model and explain the phenomena of particle interactions. [1]
-==The Main Idea==
+==Implications==
-The main idea being discussed is the popular particle physics theory, Supersymmetry. One of the main goals of supersymmetry is to unify Quantum Theory with Einstein's General Relativity(Gravity). It does so by enumerating different types of elementary particles found in our universe to explain happenings in the microverse, by relating two types of elementary particles, Bosons and Fermions. Each particle from one group would have a super partner in the other group which has a different weight, and the spin being separated by half an integer. [1] [2] [3]
+Supersymmetry would more than double the number of standard model particles because it requires each known particle, as well as a few undiscovered ones, to have a superpartner (shown in the outer ring of the diagram below). Supersymmetry may provide a means for unifying the strong and weak nuclear forces in addition to yielding explanations for the existence and composition of dark matter. [1] [2]
+[[File:mg21929331.200-1_800.jpg]]
+[1]
-===Consequences of Supersymmetry===
+==Applications==
-One of the consequences of Supersymmetry would be that the number of particles that we know now in the standard model would be doubled. This is so that the super particles can counteract their regular particles much like anti-matter does for matter. Supersymmetry can also help to link the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces together
+The way tiny particles interact have extremely large-scale ramifications, such as our understanding of how certain natural phenomena such as black holes and galaxies exist as they do. For instance, gravity may appear to be a simple concept, but it actually would require supersymmetry or a similar expansion upon the standard model in order to acquire a solid explanation. [5] Proof of supersymmetry would likely not be applicable to daily life in any way, however, it would shape our understanding of both particle and astrophysics, and determine the path of future scientific questions.
-[[File:graph1.gif]][[File:Slide0025 image020.gif]]
-In the first graph above you can see that in the standard model without supersymmetry at high energies the three forces become close to each other. In the graph to the left of that however you can see that with supersymmetry the three become equal at some high energy point. Another interesting consequence that could come of supersymmetry is the explanation of what dark matter is. Normal matter, the things we can observe in our everyday lives, is approximately 4% of the known universe. Dark matter is thought to take up more than 20% of our known universe, and supersymmetry could help to explain that. Dark matter are weakly interacting particles that are thought to help bind large bodies together despite what would normally be weak gravitational pull between them at the speeds they move, such as galaxies. Galaxies move too quickly for the stars contained within them to stay bound without dark matter.
-[[File:Slide0027 image023.gif]]
-The graph above shows how fast the velocities within a solar system should be at size without dark matter, and then above all of these graphs is shown how fast they are actually moving. [2]
-==Connectedness==
-This is extremely fascinating to me even though there is no real connection to my major, and there are no industrial applications because these tiny particles have extremely large-scale ramifications such as our understanding of gravity and how and why certain natural phenomena such as black holes and galaxies exist as they do. I think it is really cool because for most people this is just curiosity for curiosities sake. If super partners were discovered it would never have any impact on my life other than understanding why we have gravity or other forces.
 ==History==
-Hironari Miyazawa was the first person to propose supersymmetry, and his was relating mesons and baryons. Because of how broken his symmetry was, his work was largely ignored. 2 groups of scientists all independently began working on a supersymmetry in quantum field theory around the same time, J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita(1971), Yu. A. Golfand and E. P. Likhtman(1971), and D. V. Volkov and V. P. Akulov(1972). The Gervais-Sakita works arose because of an early version of string theory. The model proposed by Pierre Fayet known as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model was the first realistic model in superstring theory proposed.[1] [3] [4]
+Hironari Miyazawa was the first person to propose supersymmetry, in a theory relating mesons and baryons. Because of how broken his symmetry was, his work was largely ignored. Two groups of scientists all independently began working on a supersymmetry in quantum field theory around the same time, J. L. Gervais and B. Sakita(1971), Yu. A. Golfand and E. P. Likhtman(1971), and D. V. Volkov and V. P. Akulov(1972). The Gervais-Sakita works arose because of an early version of string theory. The model proposed by Pierre Fayet, known as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, was the first realistic model in superstring theory proposed.[1] [3] [4]
 == See also ==
@@ Line 34: / Line 25: @@
 [[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]]
-===Further reading===
-Books, Articles or other print media on this topic
+==External Sources and Links==
+[1] "New Particle, New Questions," NewScientist, ed. July 14, 2012.
-===External links===
-[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry] Wikipedia.en
 [http://hitoshi.berkeley.edu/public_html/susy/susy.html] Introduction to Supersymmetry by Hitoshi Murayama
@@ Line 45: / Line 33: @@
 [http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/string-theory-the-history-of-supersymmetry.html] String Theory and Supersymmetry for Dummies
+[http://www.britannica.com/science/supersymmetry] Supersymmetry by Christine Sutton
-[http://www.britannica.com/science/supersymmetry] Supersymmetry by Christine Sutton
+[5] The Quantum Universe (pp. 196-207) by Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw
 ==References==
+"New Particle, New Questions," NewScientist, ed. July 14, 2012.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry
 http://hitoshi.berkeley.edu/public_html/susy/susy.html
 http://www.britannica.com/science/supersymmetry
 http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/string-theory-the-history-of-supersymmetry.html
+The Quantum Universe (pp. 196-207) by Brian Cox and Jeff Foresaw
 [[Category:Theory]]