Ferrofluids

Claimed by Brandon Chen

Ferrofluids (the combination of ferromagnetic and fluid) are defined as liquid which, when placed within a magnetic field, experience strong magnetizations which can result in incredibly versatile shapes and forms. This phenomenon stems from the dispersal of ferrimagnetic particles (often hematite or other particles containing iron) which help create the composition of the fluid. Typically, these particles are suspended water or another organic solvent.

Significance

Applications

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There are a wide array of potential applications for ferrofluids ranging from electronics, to art, to optical engineering, to propulsion. In optics, researchers are attempting to adapt ferrofluids for use in telescopes: the idea is to have a mirror which has capabilities of altering its shape. They are currently used in loudspeakers as a way to cool the voice coil and thus mitigate shifting in the cone. In addition, there are applications in electronic devices; these magnetic fluids can be utilized to seal spinning shafts in hard discs by creating a wall through which minimal debris and other particles can pass. There also exists medical applications through magnetic drug targeting.

The idea behind this it so delivery the drug into the patient's body while its encapsulated by a ferrofluid, then direct the drug into its optimal delivery area using an external magnetic field, and finally release the drug by turning off the field. Lastly, there are potential adaptations in the field of spacecraft propulsion. One of the hallmark effects of ferrofluids are the thin spikes which emerge in the presence of a magnetic field. These spikes, when sharpened to a specific thickness, can emit jets. This effect could be taken advantage of as a way of creating thrust in small objects.

A Mathematical Model

The following equations can be used to mathematically model the behavior of a ferrofluid when under the influence of an external magnetic field. These equations stem from a combination of the magnetizaton equations (3), magnetostatic equations, and the Navier-Stokes equations (1 and 2).

In these equations, U is the velocity of the fluid, p is pressure, and the other parameters are positive. The magnetic field is H and curl of H = 0.

Examples of Non-Newtonian Fluids

• Ketchup
• Toothpaste
• Starch mixed with water
• Shampoo
• Blood
• Custard
• Paint

See also

• Inertia
• Melting Point
• Non-Newtonian Fluids
• Mass

Further reading

1. Y. Amirat, K. Hamdache, F. Murat Global weak solutions to the equations of motion for magnetic fluids
2. Y. Amirat, K. Hamdache Global weak solutions to a ferrofluid flow model
3. Y. Amirat, K. Hamdache, Unique solvability of equations of motion for ferrofluids, Preprint, 2008\
4. Y. Cho, H.J. Choe, H. Kim Unique solvability of the initial boundary value problems for compressible viscous fluids

External links

[1] [2] [3] [4]

References

• Tropea, Cameron; Yarin, Alexander L.; Foss, John F. (2007). Springer handbook of experimental fluid mechanics.
• Chhabra, R.P. (2006). Bubbles, Drops, and Particles In Non-Newtonian Fluids. (2nd ed.). Hoboken: Taylor & Francis Ltd.
• Fridtjov Irgens(2014). Rheology and Non-Newtonian Fluids.
• "What Is a Non-Newtonian Fluid?" General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Liquids:. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2015.
• Io9. "Non-Newtonian Fluids: For When You Want a Liquid That's Also a Solid." Io9.com. N.p., 20 Dec. 2010. Web.