Combining Electric and Magnetic Forces: Difference between revisions

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Claimed by Alana Kaplan
Claimed by Alana Kaplan


==Summary==
When a charged particle is moving through a space with present electric and magnetic forces, if the forces are not balanced, the particles trajectory will change. It is important to remember that though the forces, observably, interact with a particle in different patterns, their effects can be quantitatively be compared.
==Electric Forces==
===Qualitative===
[[File:ElectricForces.jpg|thumb| '''Figure 1.''' An electric force acts in a pattern parallel to the electric field, pointing radially inward or outward of a particle. The direction depends on the signs of the interacting charged particles. ]]
:• A particle being acted upon by an electric force will move in a straight line, in the path, or negative path depending on charge, of the the electric field line (See '''Figure 1''') .
:• Electric fields point in a direction radially outward/ inward of a charged particle. There are four possible scenarios for the interaction of 2 charged particles:
::1) A (-) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (-) charged particle(2)
:::• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially outward from Particle(1)
::2) A (+) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (-) charged particle(2)
:::• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially inward toward Particle(1)
::3) A (-) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (+) charged particle(2)
:::• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially inward toward Particle(1)
::4) A (+) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (+) charged particle(2)
:::• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially outward from Particle(1)
===Quantitative===
The electric force formula is as follows:
::[[File:ForceE FORM.jpg]]
::Where 1 is the electric field from the source and 2 is the charge of the particle feeling the source
:::*Note that electric forces can perform work
==Magnetic Forces==
[[File:Magnetic Force Lines.jpg|thumb| '''Figure 2.''' Magnetic Fields follow a helical pattern ]]
[[File:RightHandRule.jpg|thumb| '''Figure 3.''' Magnetic Force Right Hand Rule]]
===Qualitative===
:•  The magnetic force on a charged particle is orthogonal to the magnetic field.
:•  The particle must be moving with some velocity for a magnetic force to be present.
:•  Particles move perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in a helical manner (See '''Figure 2''')
:•  To find the magnetic force, you can use the Right Hand Rule as follows (See '''Figure 3'''):
:::1) Thumb in direction of the velocity
:::2)Fingers in the direction of the magnetic field
:::3) Your palm will face in the direction of the Magnetic Force
===Quantitative===
The magnetic force on an object is:
::[[File:ForceB.jpg]]
Note that if the velocity and magnetic field are parallel the magnetic force is zero.
==Electric and Magnetic Forces Combined==
[[File:Velocity selector.gif|thumb| '''Figure 4.''' The electric field, magnetic field, and velocity vector are all perpendicular to each other  ]]
The net force acting on a particle passing through a magnetic and electric field is:
::[[File:Fnet.jpg]]
This net force calculation is known as "Lorentz Force"
When the net force is equal to zero, the velocity stays constant. The net force is equal when:
[[File:Force=0.jpg]]
As seen in '''Figure 4''' , when the net forces acting on a particle are balanced the electric field, magnetic field, and velocity vector are all perpendicular to each other. The electric and magnetic forces are equal but opposite. When forces are not balanced the trajectory of the the particle will change.
The Lorentz Force calculation is one that is used now in many different applications.
===Applications of combining forces===
====Velocity Selector====
[[File:Velocityselector2.png|thumb| '''Figure 5.''' Illustration of a Velocity Selector ]]
The Velocity Selector is a device used to filter particles based on their velocity. A Velocity Selector uses controlled, perpendicular, electric and magnetic fields to filter certain charged particles (See '''Figure 5''' ).  Particles with the correct speed will be unaffected while other particles will be deflected. This technique is used in technologies such as electron microscopes and spectrometers.
====Other Applications====
See pages:


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====Electric Forces====
====Electric Forces====
 
=====Qualitative=====
[[File:ElectricForces.jpg|thumb| '''Figure 1.''' An electric force acts in a pattern parallel to the electric field, pointing radially inward or outward of a particle. The direction depends on the signs of the interacting charged particles. ]]
[[File:ElectricForces.jpg|thumb| '''Figure 1.''' An electric force acts in a pattern parallel to the electric field, pointing radially inward or outward of a particle. The direction depends on the signs of the interacting charged particles. ]]


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:::• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially outward from Particle(1)
:::• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially outward from Particle(1)


=====Quantitative=====


The electric force formula is as follows:
The electric force formula is as follows:
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The Lorentz Force calculation is one that is used now in many different applications.
The Lorentz Force calculation is one that is used now in many different applications.


=====Application: Velocity Selector=====
 


[[File:Velocityselector2.png|thumb| '''Figure 5.''' Illustration of a Velocity Selector ]]
[[File:Velocityselector2.png|thumb| '''Figure 5.''' Illustration of a Velocity Selector ]]
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===Simple===
===Simple===
Q: A proton is moving with velocity 7e8 in the +x direction. The trajectory of the proton is constant. There is an electric field in the area of 3.6e7 in the +y direction. Calculate the direction and magnitude of the present magnetic field?
A:
===Middling===
===Middling===
===Difficult===
===Difficult===


==Connectedness==
==Connectedness==
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
 
#How is it connected to your major?
The Lorentz Force principle has been a component in many modern day inventions and critical building block for many physics principles. With known forces, we can calculate the very important figure, the speed of a moving particle.
#Is there an interesting industrial application?
 
===Application: Velocity Selector===
[[File:Velocityselector2.png|thumb| '''Figure 5.''' Illustration of a Velocity Selector ]]
 
The Velocity Selector is a device used to filter particles based on their velocity. A Velocity Selector uses controlled, perpendicular, electric and magnetic fields to filter certain charged particles (See '''Figure 5''' ).  Particles with the correct speed will be unaffected while other particles will be deflected. This technique is used in technologies such as electron microscopes and spectrometers.
Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible
 
===Other related topics===


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 15:56, 5 December 2015

Claimed by Alana Kaplan


PLEASE DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE. COPY THIS TEMPLATE AND PASTE IT INTO A NEW PAGE FOR YOUR TOPIC.

Short Description of Topic

The Main Idea

When a charged particle is moving through a space with present electric and magnetic forces, if the forces are not balanced, the particles trajectory will change. It is important to remember that though the forces, observably, interact with a particle in different patterns, their effects can be quantitatively be compared.


A Mathematical Model

Electric Forces

Qualitative
Error creating thumbnail: sh: /usr/bin/convert: No such file or directory Error code: 127
Figure 1. An electric force acts in a pattern parallel to the electric field, pointing radially inward or outward of a particle. The direction depends on the signs of the interacting charged particles.
• A particle being acted upon by an electric force will move in a straight line, in the path, or negative path depending on charge, of the the electric field line (See Figure 1) .
• Electric fields point in a direction radially outward/ inward of a charged particle. There are four possible scenarios for the interaction of 2 charged particles:
1) A (-) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (-) charged particle(2)
• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially outward from Particle(1)
2) A (+) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (-) charged particle(2)
• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially inward toward Particle(1)
3) A (-) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (+) charged particle(2)
• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially inward toward Particle(1)
4) A (+) charged Particle(1) is acting on a (+) charged particle(2)
• Particle(2) feels force pointing radially outward from Particle(1)
Quantitative

The electric force formula is as follows:

Where 1 is the electric field from the source and 2 is the charge of the particle feeling the source
  • Note that electric forces can perform work

Magnetic Forces

Qualitative
Figure 2. Magnetic Fields follow a helical pattern
Error creating thumbnail: sh: /usr/bin/convert: No such file or directory Error code: 127
Figure 3. Magnetic Force Right Hand Rule
• The magnetic force on a charged particle is orthogonal to the magnetic field.
• The particle must be moving with some velocity for a magnetic force to be present.
• Particles move perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in a helical manner (See Figure 2)
• To find the magnetic force, you can use the Right Hand Rule as follows (See Figure 3):
1) Thumb in direction of the velocity
2)Fingers in the direction of the magnetic field
3) Your palm will face in the direction of the Magnetic Force
Quantitative

The magnetic force on an object is:

Note that if the velocity and magnetic field are parallel the magnetic force is zero.

Electric and Magnetic Forces Combined

Figure 4. The electric field, magnetic field, and velocity vector are all perpendicular to each other

The net force acting on a particle passing through a magnetic and electric field is:

This net force calculation is known as "Lorentz Force"

When the net force is equal to zero, the velocity stays constant. The net force is equal when:

As seen in Figure 4 , when the net forces acting on a particle are balanced the electric field, magnetic field, and velocity vector are all perpendicular to each other. The electric and magnetic forces are equal but opposite. When forces are not balanced the trajectory of the the particle will change. The Lorentz Force calculation is one that is used now in many different applications.


Figure 5. Illustration of a Velocity Selector

The Velocity Selector is a device used to filter particles based on their velocity. A Velocity Selector uses controlled, perpendicular, electric and magnetic fields to filter certain charged particles (See Figure 5 ). Particles with the correct speed will be unaffected while other particles will be deflected. This technique is used in technologies such as electron microscopes and spectrometers. Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

Examples

Simple

Q: A proton is moving with velocity 7e8 in the +x direction. The trajectory of the proton is constant. There is an electric field in the area of 3.6e7 in the +y direction. Calculate the direction and magnitude of the present magnetic field?

A:


Middling

Difficult

Connectedness

The Lorentz Force principle has been a component in many modern day inventions and critical building block for many physics principles. With known forces, we can calculate the very important figure, the speed of a moving particle.

Application: Velocity Selector

Figure 5. Illustration of a Velocity Selector

The Velocity Selector is a device used to filter particles based on their velocity. A Velocity Selector uses controlled, perpendicular, electric and magnetic fields to filter certain charged particles (See Figure 5 ). Particles with the correct speed will be unaffected while other particles will be deflected. This technique is used in technologies such as electron microscopes and spectrometers. Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

Other related topics

History

Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.

See also

Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?

Further reading

Books, Articles or other print media on this topic

External links

[1]


References

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