Magnetic Field of a Solenoid Using Ampere's Law: Difference between revisions

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Claimed by Mary Jane Chandler Fall 2016
Claimed by Mary Jane Chandler Fall 2016


This page explains how to use Ampere's Law to solve for the magnetic field of a solenoid.
Improved by Quinnell Smith Fall 2017
 
This page explains how to use Ampere's Law to solve for the magnetic field of a solenoid, and the derivation of the formula of the magnetic field of a solenoid.


==The Main Idea==
==The Main Idea==


A solenoid is a cylindrical coil of wire that produces a uniform magnetic field when it is carrying an electric current. A solenoid is a form of an electromagnet that can create strong controlled magnetic fields throughout the coil except at the ends. Ampere's Law states that the magnetic field in space around an electric current is proportional to the source of the electric current. This can be applied to solve the magnetic field of a Solenoid.
A solenoid is a cylindrical coil of wire that produces a uniform magnetic field when it is carrying an electric current. A solenoid is a form of an electromagnet that can create strong controlled magnetic fields throughout the coil except at the ends.The magnetic field of solenoid can be solved by using Ampere's Law equation which relates the magnetic field surrounding the solenoid and the electric current.


[[File:solenoidfrombook.png]]
[[File:solenoidfrombook.png]]


As you can see in this model, in the middle of the solenoid the field is constant throughout the entirety of the interior and is parallel to the axis. At the ends of a solenoid the magnetic field starts to point outward at varying angles.  
Looking at the model, in the middle of the solenoid the field is constant throughout the entirety of the interior and is parallel to the axis. At the ends of a solenoid the magnetic field starts to point outward at varying angles.  


===Equation===
===Equation===
Line 21: Line 23:
<math>{B = \frac{μ_{0}NI}{L}}</math>
<math>{B = \frac{μ_{0}NI}{L}}</math>


The Right Hand Rule can be used to find the direction of the magnetic field by using your right hand and curling your fingers in the direction of the current with your thumb pointing in the direction of the magnetic field. This is always along the axis for a solenoid.
The Right Hand Rule can be used to find the direction of the magnetic field by using your right hand and curling your fingers in the direction of the current. The direction in which your thumb ends up pointing in after curling your fingers around the current, determines the direction of the magnetic. Keep in mind that the direction of the magnetic field will lie on the same axis as the length of the solenoid.


[[File:Righthand.png]]
[[File:Righthand.png]]


===Derivation of Equation===
Looking at the equation of a solenoid, it could be difficult to understand how this equation was derived. Listed below are the steps taken to derive the equation and an image depicting what each symbol represents.
[[File:step0.jpg]]
Symbols:
l:the length of the rectangular path decided to take to the length apply Ampere's Law
L:the length of the solenoid
B: the magnetic field of the solenoid
N: the number of turns in the solenoid
μ_0: a constant
I: conventional current flowing through the solenoid
Steps to Derive Equation:
1. Apply Ampere's law could by finding the formula for relating the path of the current and magnetic field: Bl
2. Find that Ampere's law is proportional to the path and solenoid's length proportionality times the number of turns in the solenoid and the electric current: <math>{Bl = \frac{μ_{0}NIl}{L}}</math>
3.Cancel out the length of the path on each side of the equal sign to get the equation we use: <math>{B = \frac{μ_{0}NI}{L}}</math>


==Examples==
==Examples==
Line 54: Line 85:
*Must change 10 cm to .1 for the cm to m conversion
*Must change 10 cm to .1 for the cm to m conversion


==Connection==
==Connectedness==
#Solenoids are important because they can create controlled magnetic fields making them useful for a variety of applications
#Solenoids are important because they can create controlled magnetic fields making them useful for a variety of applications.
#As a Biology major this relates to my major because solenoids are very important in the medical field. An example of solenoids is that they are very beneficial when it comes to controlling the flow of medicine that enters the bloodstream of individuals.
#As a mechanical engineering major solenoids are relevant to my major because mechanical engineers use solenoid components, and solenoid valves on a daily basis. An example of solenoids is a transformer which consists of a solenoid with different induced electric currents and number of turns which can perform step down or step up functionalities.
 
 
==History==
 
The history of Ampere's Law and its application for solenoids dates back to


==See Also==
==See Also==
Line 76: Line 112:


*http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/solenoid.html
*http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/solenoid.html
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXuZ1SRjpqk
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdsXP_l3q_0


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 02:30, 29 November 2017

Claimed by Mary Jane Chandler Fall 2016

Improved by Quinnell Smith Fall 2017

This page explains how to use Ampere's Law to solve for the magnetic field of a solenoid, and the derivation of the formula of the magnetic field of a solenoid.

The Main Idea

A solenoid is a cylindrical coil of wire that produces a uniform magnetic field when it is carrying an electric current. A solenoid is a form of an electromagnet that can create strong controlled magnetic fields throughout the coil except at the ends.The magnetic field of solenoid can be solved by using Ampere's Law equation which relates the magnetic field surrounding the solenoid and the electric current.

Looking at the model, in the middle of the solenoid the field is constant throughout the entirety of the interior and is parallel to the axis. At the ends of a solenoid the magnetic field starts to point outward at varying angles.

Equation

If there are [math]\displaystyle{ N }[/math] loops of wire that compose a solenoid of length [math]\displaystyle{ L }[/math], and we know that Ampere's Law gives us the form:

[math]\displaystyle{ {\oint\,\vec{B}•d\vec{l} = μ_{0}∑I_{inside path}} }[/math]

We can then solve for [math]\displaystyle{ B }[/math]:

[math]\displaystyle{ {B = \frac{μ_{0}NI}{L}} }[/math]

The Right Hand Rule can be used to find the direction of the magnetic field by using your right hand and curling your fingers in the direction of the current. The direction in which your thumb ends up pointing in after curling your fingers around the current, determines the direction of the magnetic. Keep in mind that the direction of the magnetic field will lie on the same axis as the length of the solenoid.


Derivation of Equation

Looking at the equation of a solenoid, it could be difficult to understand how this equation was derived. Listed below are the steps taken to derive the equation and an image depicting what each symbol represents.

Symbols:

l:the length of the rectangular path decided to take to the length apply Ampere's Law

L:the length of the solenoid

B: the magnetic field of the solenoid

N: the number of turns in the solenoid

μ_0: a constant

I: conventional current flowing through the solenoid

Steps to Derive Equation:

1. Apply Ampere's law could by finding the formula for relating the path of the current and magnetic field: Bl

2. Find that Ampere's law is proportional to the path and solenoid's length proportionality times the number of turns in the solenoid and the electric current: [math]\displaystyle{ {Bl = \frac{μ_{0}NIl}{L}} }[/math]


3.Cancel out the length of the path on each side of the equal sign to get the equation we use: [math]\displaystyle{ {B = \frac{μ_{0}NI}{L}} }[/math]

Examples

Solving for the Magnetic Field

Find the magnetic field produced by a 20 cm long solenoid if the number of loops is 200 and current passing through it is 8 A.


For this example all of the variables are given so it is just a simple math calculation using Ampere's Law, as given above, but for reiteration.

[math]\displaystyle{ {\oint\,\vec{B}•d\vec{l} = μ_{0}∑I_{inside path}} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ {B = \frac{200*8}{.2}} }[/math] [math]\displaystyle{ {B = 8,000} }[/math]

Once you have solved for [math]\displaystyle{ B }[/math] all you have to do is find the direction of the magnetic field using the Right Hand Rule.

  • Must convert 20 cm to .2 m

Solving for the Current

A solenoid has a magnetic field of 6x10-4 T, 2000 turns, and is 10 cm long. What is the current through the solenoid? For this example you are solving for I. Very similar to the above question, just rearranging the calculation of Ampere's Law.

[math]\displaystyle{ {I = \frac{LB}{μ_{0}N}} }[/math]

[math]\displaystyle{ {I = \frac{.1*6E-4}{2000}} }[/math] [math]\displaystyle{ {I = 3E-8 A} }[/math]

  • Must change 10 cm to .1 for the cm to m conversion

Connectedness

  1. Solenoids are important because they can create controlled magnetic fields making them useful for a variety of applications.
  2. As a mechanical engineering major solenoids are relevant to my major because mechanical engineers use solenoid components, and solenoid valves on a daily basis. An example of solenoids is a transformer which consists of a solenoid with different induced electric currents and number of turns which can perform step down or step up functionalities.


History

The history of Ampere's Law and its application for solenoids dates back to

See Also

Ampere's Law

Magnetic Field of a Long Thick Wire Using Ampere's Law

Magnetic Field of Coaxial Cable Using Ampere's Law

Magnetic Field of a Toroid Using Ampere's Law

Further Reading

Chabay, Sherwood. (2015). Matter and Interactions (4th ed., Vol. 2). Raleigh, North Carolina: Wiley.

External Links


References

Chabay, Sherwood. (2015). Matter and Interactions (4th ed., Vol. 2). Raleigh, North Carolina: Wiley. Pg 887-888.