Transducers

Claimed by Derin Ozturk (dozturk7) --Dozturk7 (talk) 22:09, 2 December 2015 (EST)

Short Description of Topic

Transducers are devices that convert one form of energy to another.

The Main Idea

A transducer, in general, is any device that converts one form energy to another. Usually this is some signal in one form of energy that is converted to signal in a different form of energy. There are many types of transducers, and the topic does incorporate many different concepts from physics and spans many fields, so this page will be only focusing on one type of transducers, bidirectional transducers, and two important applications of it, microphones, loudspeakers, and antennas.

Bidirectional Transducers

In short, a bidirectional, or sometimes also called bilateral transducer, is a transducer that can convert some form energy from to another, such as an electric signal to an acoustical signal, but can also convert the other way, such as an acoustical signal to an electrical signal. Hence the name bidirectional.

Sound, Microphones, and Loudspeakers

A Brief Recap of Sound

Sound is a wave, that travels through a medium (usually the air, but it can also be any material such as water or steel) as a disturbance in that medium. This wave transports energy from one location to another location. This wave originates from the vibrating of an object or particles that causes the disturbance in the medium. Because there is particle to particle interaction, sound is considered a mechanical way. As a wave, sound has a frequency (sound is usually measure in Hertz, where 1 Hz is equal to 1 vibration per a second. The sensation caused by the frequency in sound is called pitch. A low frequency corresponds with low pitch, and vice versa.

Microphones

A microphone is simply a transducer which detects sound signals and produces electrical "images" of this sound. This image can be a voltage or current. These images are proportional to the sound signal.

There are several different types of microphones. The most common are dynamic, ribbon, and condenser microphones.

Ribbon

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Examples

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