Ductility: Difference between revisions
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==The Main Idea== | ==The Main Idea== | ||
Ductility is a solids ability to deform under tensile stress. It is similar to [[malleability]], which characterizes a materials ability to deform under an applied stress. Both of these are plastic properties of materials. While they are often similar, sometimes a materials ductility is independent from its malleability. | Ductility is a solids ability to deform under tensile stress. It is similar to [[malleability]], which characterizes a materials ability to deform under an applied stress. Both of these are plastic properties of materials. While they are often similar, sometimes a materials ductility is independent from its malleability. Materials with metallic bond have much higher ductility's du to the mobile electrons that tend to deform, rather than fracture. Therefore the most common ductile materials are steel, copper, gold and aluminum. Ductility is an important property in material science and metal-working industries, where solids are deformed nd molded with outside forces. | ||
[[File:Cast iron tensile test.JPG|thumb|Highly brittle fracture]] | [[File:Cast iron tensile test.JPG|thumb|Fig 1. Highly brittle fracture]] | ||
[[File:Al tensile test.jpg|thumb|Semi-ductile fracture]]. | [[File:Al tensile test.jpg|thumb| Fig 2. Semi-ductile fracture]]. | ||
===A Mathematical Model=== | ===A Mathematical Model=== | ||
Mathematically, ductility can be defined as the fracture strain, or the tensile strain along one axis that causes a fracture to occur. Fractures range from brittle fractures to fully ductile fractures, resulting in very different physical appearances associated with the different types. | Mathematically, ductility can be defined as the fracture strain, or the tensile strain along one axis that causes a fracture to occur. Fractures range from brittle fractures (Fig 1) to fully ductile fractures (Fig 2), resulting in very different physical appearances associated with the different types. This can be modeled on a stress/strain curve (https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Graphics/Mechanical/Brittle-Ductile.gif) showing where fracture occurs along the graph. | ||
==Connectedness== | ==Connectedness== | ||
Revision as of 20:36, 5 December 2015
The Main Idea
Ductility is a solids ability to deform under tensile stress. It is similar to malleability, which characterizes a materials ability to deform under an applied stress. Both of these are plastic properties of materials. While they are often similar, sometimes a materials ductility is independent from its malleability. Materials with metallic bond have much higher ductility's du to the mobile electrons that tend to deform, rather than fracture. Therefore the most common ductile materials are steel, copper, gold and aluminum. Ductility is an important property in material science and metal-working industries, where solids are deformed nd molded with outside forces.
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A Mathematical Model
Mathematically, ductility can be defined as the fracture strain, or the tensile strain along one axis that causes a fracture to occur. Fractures range from brittle fractures (Fig 1) to fully ductile fractures (Fig 2), resulting in very different physical appearances associated with the different types. This can be modeled on a stress/strain curve (https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Graphics/Mechanical/Brittle-Ductile.gif) showing where fracture occurs along the graph.
Connectedness
As an Aerospace major, determining the correct material for components can be high risk. Knowing different materials ranges of ductility, can be integral in choosing he best option. This is especially important in materials that have a high applied tensile strength.
History
Percy Williams Bridgman's findings on tensile strength and material properties led to much of what is known about ductility, including that it is highly influenced by temperature and pressure. these findings led him to win the 1946 Nobel Prize in physics.
See also
Further reading
Books, Articles or other print media on this topic
External links
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductility https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Advanced_Structural_Analysis/Part_I_-_Theory/Materials/Properties/Ductility https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ductility#/media/File:Ductility.svg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman
