Conductivity: Difference between revisions
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Conductors are used to carry electricity, as well as electrical signals in circuits. | Conductors are used to carry electricity, as well as electrical signals in circuits. | ||
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors, or CMOS for short, are the foundational building block of gate based logic circuits, that make up the majority of all modern electronics. CMOS circuits are composed of a combination of p-type and n-type semiconductors. These semiconductors will change their conductivity, based on the applied voltage, allowing for logic of 0's and 1's, or low voltage and high voltage, to be transferred through logical circuits. This allows us to apply boolean logic to circuits, such as AND and OR logic, or even create an amalgamation of AND's and OR's to create electronics, such as multiplexors, switches, latches, registers, decoders, encoders, etc. | Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors, or CMOS for short, are the foundational building block of gate based logic circuits, that make up the majority of all modern electronics. CMOS circuits are composed of a combination of p-type and n-type semiconductors. These semiconductors will change their conductivity, based on the applied voltage, allowing for logic of 0's and 1's, or low voltage and high voltage, to be transferred through logical circuits. This allows us to apply boolean logic to circuits, such as AND and OR logic, or even create an amalgamation of AND's and OR's to create electronics, such as multiplexors, switches, latches, registers, decoders, encoders, etc. | ||
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODbgKXFED5o | |||
==History(New)== | ==History(New)== |
Revision as of 19:48, 25 November 2016
Claimed by myoung65, Spring 2016
Claimed by Reed Williams Fall 2016
Definition
Electrical Resistivity is a measure of how a given material opposes current flow. Low resistivity shows a material that allows the flow of current, whereas the opposite is true for high resistivity. Electrical Conductivity is the reciprocal/inverse of Electrical Resistivity, in that it measures the ability of a given material to conduct electric current
Symbols
Electrical Resistivity is mainly represented by the Greek lower-case rho. Electrical Conductivity is mainly represented by the Greek lower-case sigma, but is occasionally represented by a lower-case kappa, or gamma.
SI Units
Electrical Resistivity is measured in Ohm-Metres. Electrical Conductivity is measured in Siemens per Metre
Classification of Materials by Conductivity
Materials with high Conductivity are known as conductors. ex. metals Materials with low Conductivity are known as resistors. ex. vacuums, glass, etc.
Semiconductors
Semiconductors are materials that have a conductivity in-between that of an insulator and a conductor. However, as temperature increases, unlike in most metals, the conductivity of semiconductors increases.
Temperature Dependence
As temperature increases, the electrical resistivity of metals increases. This is a reason why when computers heat up, they tend to slow down. Some materials exhibit superconductivity at extremely low temperatures. Below a certain temperature, resistivity vanishes, such as Pb at 7.20 K.
Equations
Poulliet's Law
R=ρℓ/A
R = Electric Resistance ρ = Electric Resistivity ℓ = Length A = Cross-Sectional Area
Poulliet's Law states that a given materials resistance will increase in length, while it will decrease with an increase in Area.
Conductivity in Real Life
Conductors are used to carry electricity, as well as electrical signals in circuits. Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors, or CMOS for short, are the foundational building block of gate based logic circuits, that make up the majority of all modern electronics. CMOS circuits are composed of a combination of p-type and n-type semiconductors. These semiconductors will change their conductivity, based on the applied voltage, allowing for logic of 0's and 1's, or low voltage and high voltage, to be transferred through logical circuits. This allows us to apply boolean logic to circuits, such as AND and OR logic, or even create an amalgamation of AND's and OR's to create electronics, such as multiplexors, switches, latches, registers, decoders, encoders, etc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODbgKXFED5o
History(New)
Stephen Gray, Father of Conduction
Born 1666 in Canterbury, England. Died 1736 in London, England.
Gray was an innovative thinker who performed many a experiment including work with the transmission of electricity. One day while performing one of his experiments, unbeknownst to him he discovered the difference between insulators and conductors. He was working with transmitting electricity and he changed the transmission wire from silk to brass wire when he noticed that electricity passes completely different in brass than it does in silk. After said discovery, Gray spend the next 3 years with the help of friends and family doing more research in similar topics, and with this research some might say solidified his name as the father of conduction.
See also
Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?
Further reading
Books, Articles or other print media on this topic
External links
References
This section contains the the references you used while writing this page. Reeds Page
History: "Gray, Stephen." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. . Encyclopedia.com. 25 Nov. 2016 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.