Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator: Difference between revisions
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All materials are made of atoms that contain positive and negative charges (protons and electrons). While all materials contain these two basic units, the charge distribution patterns change depending on the microscopic behavior of the atom's movement in an electric field. These differences have created two distinct classes of materials: conductors and insulators. This article will explore the differences between a charged conductor and a charged insulator. | All materials are made of atoms that contain positive and negative charges (protons and electrons). While all materials contain these two basic units, the charge distribution patterns change depending on the microscopic behavior of the atom's movement in an electric field. These differences have created two distinct classes of materials: conductors and insulators. This article will explore the differences between a charged conductor and a charged insulator. | ||
==Charge | ==Conductors== | ||
===Charge Distribution=== | |||
A conductor is an object that contains mobile charges which allow an electric current to flow through the material. An object made of a conducting material will permit charge to be transferred across the entire surface of the object. If charge is transferred to the object at a given location, that charge is quickly distributed across the entire surface of the object. The distribution of charge is the result of electron movement. Since conductors allow for electrons to be transported from particle to particle, a charged object will always distribute its charge until the overall repulsive forces between excess electrons is minimized. This occurs because of the polarization within the conductor. | A conductor is an object that contains mobile charges which allow an electric current to flow through the material. An object made of a conducting material will permit charge to be transferred across the entire surface of the object. If charge is transferred to the object at a given location, that charge is quickly distributed across the entire surface of the object. The distribution of charge is the result of electron movement. Since conductors allow for electrons to be transported from particle to particle, a charged object will always distribute its charge until the overall repulsive forces between excess electrons is minimized. This occurs because of the polarization within the conductor. | ||
If the conductor is spherical, charge is evenly distributed on the outside surface. | If the conductor is spherical, charge is evenly distributed on the outside surface. | ||
If the conductor is not spherical, surface charge density is higher where radius of curvature is smaller. (i.e on sharp points or corner of conductor.) | If the conductor is not spherical, surface charge density is higher where radius of curvature is smaller. (i.e on sharp points or corner of conductor.) | ||
===Interactions with Other Objects=== | |||
A charged conductor interact with | |||
==Insulator== | |||
==Charge | ===Charge Distribution=== | ||
In contrast to conductors, insulators are materials that impede the free flow of electrons from atom to atom and molecule to molecule. If charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, the excess charge will remain at the initial location of charging. The particles of the insulator do not permit the free flow of electrons; subsequently charge is seldom distributed evenly across the surface of an insulator. | In contrast to conductors, insulators are materials that impede the free flow of electrons from atom to atom and molecule to molecule. If charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, the excess charge will remain at the initial location of charging. The particles of the insulator do not permit the free flow of electrons; subsequently charge is seldom distributed evenly across the surface of an insulator. | ||
However, the atoms within an insulator do polarize to some extent. When exposed to an electric field, the atoms will remain stationary but polarize and orient themselves with the applied field. | However, the atoms within an insulator do polarize to some extent. When exposed to an electric field, the atoms will remain stationary but polarize and orient themselves with the applied field. | ||
===Interactions with Other Objects=== | |||
A charged insulator | |||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
===Conductor=== | |||
An electron approaches a neutral metal sphere. Show the charge distribution on the sphere. | |||
===Insulator==== | |||
An electron approaches a neutral plastic rod. Show the charge distribution on the rod. | |||
==Connectedness== | ==Connectedness== | ||
Revision as of 15:54, 9 April 2017
RESERVED by JAY SHAH Reserved Fall 2016 Hayley Tsuchiyama RESERVED SPRING 2017 LILY MASTERS
All materials are made of atoms that contain positive and negative charges (protons and electrons). While all materials contain these two basic units, the charge distribution patterns change depending on the microscopic behavior of the atom's movement in an electric field. These differences have created two distinct classes of materials: conductors and insulators. This article will explore the differences between a charged conductor and a charged insulator.
Conductors
Charge Distribution
A conductor is an object that contains mobile charges which allow an electric current to flow through the material. An object made of a conducting material will permit charge to be transferred across the entire surface of the object. If charge is transferred to the object at a given location, that charge is quickly distributed across the entire surface of the object. The distribution of charge is the result of electron movement. Since conductors allow for electrons to be transported from particle to particle, a charged object will always distribute its charge until the overall repulsive forces between excess electrons is minimized. This occurs because of the polarization within the conductor.
If the conductor is spherical, charge is evenly distributed on the outside surface.
If the conductor is not spherical, surface charge density is higher where radius of curvature is smaller. (i.e on sharp points or corner of conductor.)
Interactions with Other Objects
A charged conductor interact with
Insulator
Charge Distribution
In contrast to conductors, insulators are materials that impede the free flow of electrons from atom to atom and molecule to molecule. If charge is transferred to an insulator at a given location, the excess charge will remain at the initial location of charging. The particles of the insulator do not permit the free flow of electrons; subsequently charge is seldom distributed evenly across the surface of an insulator.
However, the atoms within an insulator do polarize to some extent. When exposed to an electric field, the atoms will remain stationary but polarize and orient themselves with the applied field.
Interactions with Other Objects
A charged insulator
Examples
Conductor
An electron approaches a neutral metal sphere. Show the charge distribution on the sphere.
Insulator=
An electron approaches a neutral plastic rod. Show the charge distribution on the rod.
Connectedness
While insulators are not useful for transferring charge, they do serve a critical role in electrostatic experiments and demonstrations. Conductive objects are often mounted upon insulating objects. This arrangement of a conductor on top of an insulator prevents charge from being transferred from the conductive object to its surroundings.
See also
External links
Explenation of why does charge concentrate at a point on a conductor
References
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Conductors-and-Insulators
[http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Electricity%20and%20magnetism/Electrostatics/text/Electric_charge_distribution/index.html http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Electricity%20and%20magnetism/Electrostatics/text/Electric_charge_distribution/index.html