Meissner effect: Difference between revisions
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The Meissner effect is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state, discovered by German physicists Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933. They discovered it by measuring the magnetic field outside superconducting tin and lead. | The Meissner effect is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state, discovered by German physicists Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933. They discovered it by measuring the magnetic field outside superconducting tin and lead. | ||
[[File:Meissner effect1.png|200px|thumb|left|alt text]] | |||
Some materials tend to expel a magnetic field, materials that do this are called diamagnetic, but the effects of this diamagnetism are weak. For example, water and the human body are diamagnetic materials. | Some materials tend to expel a magnetic field, materials that do this are called diamagnetic, but the effects of this diamagnetism are weak. For example, water and the human body are diamagnetic materials. | ||
Revision as of 23:43, 30 November 2015
claimed by ooshinowo3
What is the Meissner Effect
The Meissner effect is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state, discovered by German physicists Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld in 1933. They discovered it by measuring the magnetic field outside superconducting tin and lead.
Some materials tend to expel a magnetic field, materials that do this are called diamagnetic, but the effects of this diamagnetism are weak. For example, water and the human body are diamagnetic materials.
In superconducting material the Meissner effect creates currents which completely oppose the magnetic field applied by a magnet, in other words they will repel a magnet. This consequently makes a superconductor in the Meissner state a perfect diamagnet.
A Mathematical Model
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A Computational Model
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How does it Work?
A super conductor with little or no magnetic field within it is said to be in the Meissner state and breaks down when the magnetic field is too large A superconductor is fundamentally different from a conductor, because Faraday’s law of induction alone does not explain magnetic repulsion by a superconductor. At a temperature below its Critical Temperature, Tc, a superconductor will not allow any magnetic field to freely enter it. This is because microscopic magnetic dipoles are induced in the superconductor that oppose the applied field. This induced field then repels the source of the applied field, and will consequently repel the magnet associated with that field. This implies that if a magnet was placed on top of the superconductor when the superconductor was above its Critical Temperature, and then it was cooled down to below Tc, the superconductor would then exclude the magnetic field of the magnet. This means that a magnet already levitating above a superconductor does not demonstrate the Meissner effect, while a magnet that is initially stationary and then repelled by a superconductor as it is cooled through its critical temperature does.
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