Polarization of an Atom: Difference between revisions
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<math>{\vec{p} = α\vec{E}}</math> for almost all materials, the dipole moment '''p''' of the polarized atoms or molecules is directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied electric field '''E'''. The constant '''α''' is called the "polarizability" of a particular material. Many of these polarizability values have been measured experimentally and can be found in reference volumes. | <math>{\vec{p} = α\vec{E}}</math> for almost all materials, the dipole moment '''p''' of the polarized atoms or molecules is directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied electric field '''E'''. The constant '''α''' is called the "polarizability" of a particular material. Many of these polarizability values have been measured experimentally and can be found in reference volumes. | ||
===A Computational Model=== | |||
How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here [https://trinket.io/glowscript/31d0f9ad9e Teach hands-on with GlowScript] | |||
==Examples== | |||
Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible | |||
===Simple=== | |||
===Middling=== | |||
===Difficult=== | |||
==Connectedness== | |||
#How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in? | |||
#How is it connected to your major? | |||
#Is there an interesting industrial application? | |||
==History== | |||
Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why. | |||
== See also == | |||
Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context? | |||
===Further reading=== | |||
Books, Articles or other print media on this topic | |||
===External links=== | |||
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Polarization | |||
http://academics.smcvt.edu/abrizard/EM/dielectric_I.pdf | |||
http://budker.berkeley.edu/papers/pdfs/QBvisualisationPreprint.pdf | |||
http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-6-001-electromagnetic-fields-and-energy-spring-2008/chapter-6/06.pdf | |||
http://www.hho4free.com/electrical_polarization.htm | |||
==References== | |||
https://www.webassign.net/ebooks/mi4/toc.html?page=14.3 | |||
[[Category:Fields]] | |||
Revision as of 20:54, 2 December 2015
Claimed by Owen Fisher
This page serves to outline and explain the inner workings and hidden mechanisms of the polarization of an atom.
The Main Idea
In an atom, the cloud of electrons, while connected to the nucleus, is not exactly centered on the nucleus. For this reason, atoms can interact with external charges and become polarized. The nucleus and cloud of electrons can move relative to each other. If an external charge comes into the same space that an atom occupies or is close by, the charge creates an electric field, which exerts a force on the atom. "Applied" electric fields such as this explain why the electron cloud and nucleus can move relative to each other. For example, if a positive charge is placed to the left of an atom, an electric field will be created that shifts the electron cloud of the atom towards the positive charge (to the left) and will shift the net positive nucleus away from the charge (to the right) as two objects of the same charge repel each other. In this case, it is now more probable to find an electron to the left of the nucleus, rather than the right.
A Mathematical Model
[math]\displaystyle{ {\vec{F} = q\vec{E}} }[/math] where F is the force created by the electric field E and the charge of a particle q. This force is what causes the atom to become polarized.
[math]\displaystyle{ {\vec{p} = α\vec{E}} }[/math] for almost all materials, the dipole moment p of the polarized atoms or molecules is directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied electric field E. The constant α is called the "polarizability" of a particular material. Many of these polarizability values have been measured experimentally and can be found in reference volumes.
A Computational Model
How do we visualize or predict using this topic. Consider embedding some vpython code here Teach hands-on with GlowScript
Examples
Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible
Simple
Middling
Difficult
Connectedness
- How is this topic connected to something that you are interested in?
- How is it connected to your major?
- Is there an interesting industrial application?
History
Put this idea in historical context. Give the reader the Who, What, When, Where, and Why.
See also
Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?
Further reading
Books, Articles or other print media on this topic
External links
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-1/Polarization
http://academics.smcvt.edu/abrizard/EM/dielectric_I.pdf
http://budker.berkeley.edu/papers/pdfs/QBvisualisationPreprint.pdf
http://www.hho4free.com/electrical_polarization.htm