Energy in a Circuit
Claimed by Neevedita Goswami
Preface
Energy in a circuit originates from the battery, and once the circuit is closed, it flows through the wires.
Definitions
Power
Power is measured in watts, and in a circuit, it is the rate at which energy is converted from electrical energy to a different type of energy.
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{P} = }[/math] Power
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{P} = \mathbf{I} * \mathbf{V} }[/math]
Resistance
Resistance is measured in ohms. It slows the flow of the charge and is the ratio of the voltage applied to the electrical current flowing through it. Examples include lights, fans, and any appliances within the circuit. The longer the wire, the greater its resistance. Total resistance is calculated differently depending on the type of circuit: series or parallel.
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{R} = }[/math] Resistance
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{R} = \frac {\mathbf{V}} {\mathbf{I}} }[/math]
Voltage
Voltage, or electric potential, is measured in volts. It is the electrical potential energy per unit charge and, in reference to class problems, determines the brightness of a light bulb along with power. Voltage is calculated differently depending on the type of circuit: series or parallel.
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{V} = }[/math] Voltage
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{V} = \mathbf{I} * \mathbf{R} }[/math]
Current
Current is measured in amperes. It is the energy that flows through the circuit and has different rules to its calculations depending on the type of circuit.
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{I} = }[/math] Current
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{I} = \frac {\mathbf{V}} {\mathbf{R}} }[/math]
Series Circuits
A series circuit is when all the resistors within the circuit are on one path. There is one path leading from the power source, through the resistors, and back to the source.
Total resistance in a series circuit is calculated by adding the resistance of all the resistors in series together.
[math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf{R}_{total} = \mathbf{R}_{1} + \mathbf{R}_{2} + \mathbf{R}_{3} + ... }[/math]
The current is constant throughout the paths in series.
Parallel Circuits
A parallel circuit is when there is more than one path leading from the power source for the current to flow through. Total resistance in a parallel circuit is calculated by adding the inverse of each resistor in the parallel wires and then taking the inverse of the total.
[math]\displaystyle{ \frac {1} {\mathbf{R}_{total}} = \frac {1} {\mathbf{R}_{1}} + \frac {1} {\mathbf{R}_{2}} + \frac {1} {\mathbf{R}_{3}} + ... }[/math]
When the paths of a parallel circuit branch off from the original path, the currents of those paths will always add up to the current of the original path.
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