James Franck

Created by Zachary Maciejewski

James Franck was a German Physicist who, along with Gustav Hertz, conducted the Frank-Hertz in 1914 which confirmed the Bohr Model of the atom.

Academic Career

James Franck was born on August 26th, 1882 in Hamburg, Germany. He studied at the Frederick William University in Berlin, where he received a PhD in 1906. Franck obtained the "venia legend" for physics to lecture at the University of Berlin, where he stayed until 1918. He became the Head of the Physics Division in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry. He became a professor of Experimental Physics and Director of the 2nd Institute for Experimental Physics at the University of Gottingen. The head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, Max Brown, worked with him on quantum physics. This is the point when he conducted the famous Franck-Hertz experiment which confirmed the Bohr Model of the atom. Simultaneously he promoted the careers of women in Physics such as Lise Meitner, Hertha Sponer, and Hilde Levi. After the Nazi party assumed power in 1933, Franck resigned from his post in order to help Jewish Scientists find work outside of Germany. He then decided to move himself with his family to Baltimore where he lectured at Johns Hopkins. Following a year working at the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark, he returned to become a professor of physics at Johns Hopkins. In 1938 he left for Chicago to become a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Chicago. During World War II he served as the Director of the Chemistry Division of the Metallurgical Laboratory, the center for the Manhattan District's Project. He also was the chairman of the Committee on Political and Social Problems, where he wrote the Franck Report, which discouraged the use of the atomic bombs in Japan without warning.