Heinrich Lenz
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Heinrich Lenz, born on February 12, 1804 was a Russian physicist and is mostly remembered for his studies of electromagnetism. At the beginning of the nineteenth century scientists began understanding electricity and magnetism, but not the relationships between the two. Lenz formulated Lenz's Law to study the relationship between the two. Lenz observed that when a electrical current is generated by a changing magnetic field, the magnetic field generated by that electrical current opposes the magnetic field that generated the current.
Lenz's Law
Lenz's law obeys both the law of conservation of energy and Newton's second law of motion. The law states that when an emf is generated due to change in magnetic flux, the polarity of the induced emf produces a current that's magnetic field opposes the change which produces it.
[math]\displaystyle{ \varepsilon=- {\partial \phi \over \partial t} }[/math]
Where,
[math]\displaystyle{ \varepsilon }[/math] is the induced emf [math]\displaystyle{ \phi }[/math] is the magnetic flux
References
http://deadscientistoftheweek.blogspot.com/2013/02/heinrich-lenz.html