Potential Difference of Point Charge in a Non-Uniform Field

Claimed by dmengesha3 Dina

The Main Idea

This section is about why non uniform fields are hard to calculate

A Mathematical Model

What are the mathematical equations that allow us to model this topic. For example [math]\displaystyle{ {\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}}_{system} = \vec{F}_{net} }[/math] where p is the momentum of the system and F is the net force from the surroundings.

A Computational Model

Refer to this Website:

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/charges-and-fields/charges-and-fields_en.html

To observe how the electric field of a point charge differs from one location to another because it is proportional to 1/r^2. Then play around with measuring the potential difference between two points and see how distance affects the calculation of potential difference. You should observe a 1/r relationship.

Exercises 1. Put down a positive charge. Put 3 E-Field Sensors down: one close to the charge, the next farther away, the next one even farther stil

Notice that the magnitude of the arrows decreases as the distance from the point charge increases

2. Repeat the steps of #1 but replace the positive point charge with a negative point charge.

You should notice the same trend occur

3. Click "Show E-field" on the right menu bar and move the point charge around the plot

Notice that the Electric field gets larger in magnitude as the point charge moves closer to the observation location

4. Move the point charge closer to the observation location that measures potential difference

Notice that the closer the point charge is to this location the higher the magnitude of the potential difference

Examples

Be sure to show all steps in your solution and include diagrams whenever possible

Simple

Middling

Difficult

Connectedness

Connections in Chemistry

Electrostatic potential energy maps are made of molecules to portray the charge distribution of a molecule 3 dimensionally. These maps can be used to determine electronegativity, bond characteristics, and also help find the reactive sites of molecules. Reactive sites are defined as a charged region of a molecule that interact with other charged particles. This can become especially important in assessing what types of molecular interactions and reactions will take place between two elements or compounds.

Industrial Application

Coulomb Barrier for Nuclear Fusion: For two particles (ex: 2 protons to fuse), they must be able to get close enough to one another for the nuclear strong force to overcome their electric repulsion. One must understand the potential difference of a point charge and the potential energy that creates a barrier between two point charges which can be calculated using U=ke^2/r where k =9e9 and e=1.6e-19 The r calculated using this formula determines the radius at which the nuclear attractive force becomes dominant.

History

In 1800, Alessandro Volta (pictured above) found that metals such as zinc and copper could produce currents; thus, he constructed the first battery what is know called a voltic pile. It was constructed from pieces of zinc and copper in salt water which produced an electric current. The SI unit for potential difference is named after Alessandro Volta.

Refer to:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta

To read more about Volta's early works and life.

Chabay, Ruth W., and Bruce A. Sherwood. Matter and Interactions: Electric and Magnetic Interactions. 4th ed. Vol. II. Place of Publication Not Identified: John Wiley, 2015. Print. Chapter 16. Section 16.5

Connectedness

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/coubar.html#c1

http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Theoretical_Chemistry/Chemical_Bonding/General_Principles_of_Chemical_Bonding/Electrostatic_Potential_maps

History

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt

http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1677329_1677708_1677755,00.html