VPython Reference

Created by Shuyang Chen

VPython reference page for animation functions and constants. This page assumes and only includes basic usage of VPython.

VPython Template

from __future__ import division
from visual import *

## Constants

## Initialization

## Loop
t = 0
deltat = 1e-10
end = 10

while t < end:
    rate(1000)
    ## Loop Code
    
    t += deltat

VPython Animation Functions

Sphere

Source

Example

ball = sphere(pos=(1,2,3), radius=0.4, color=color.blue)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Description
pos	vector	Position of the object
color	color	Color of the object
radius	number	Radius of the sphere
opacity	number	Opacity of the object
make_trail	boolean	Whether or not to leave behind a trail

Box

Source

Example

cube = box(pos=(1,2,3), length=4, height=5, width=6, color=green)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Description
pos	vector	Position of the object
color	color	Color of the object
length	number	Length of the box
height	number	Height of the box
width	number	Width of the box
axis	vector	Direction the box is facing (facing side is height x width)
opacity	number	Opacity of the object
make_trail	boolean	Whether or not to leave behind a trail

Arrow

Source

Example

arr = arrow(pos=(1,2,3), axis=(4,5,6), color=color.red)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Description
pos	vector	Position of the object
axis	vector	Direction the arrow is pointing at
color	color	Color of the object
opacity	number	Opacity of the object
shaftwidth	number	Width of the shaft (default: 0.1*(length of arrow))
headwidth	number	Width of the head (default: 2*shaftwidth)
headlength	number	Length of the head (default: 3*shaftwidth)
make_trail	boolean	Whether or not to leave behind a trail

Color

Source

Example

c = color.red

Basic Colors

Name	Vector	Color
Red	(1,0,0)	color.red
Yellow	(1,1,0)	color.yellow
Green	(0,1,0)	color.green
Orange	(1,0.5,0)	color.orange
Blue	(0,0,1)	color.blue
Cyan	(0,1,1)	color.cyan
Magenta	(1,0,1)	color.magenta
White	(1,1,1)	color.white
Black	(0,0,0)	color.black

VPython Common Constants

Constants

Constant	Common Variable Name	Approximate Value	Code
Speed of light	c	299792458.0	c = 299792458.0
Gravitational Constant	G	6.67408e-11	G = 6.67408e-11
Electron Mass	m_e	9.10938356e-31	m_e = 9.10938356e-31
Proton Mass	m_p	1.6726219e-27	m_p = 1.6726219e-27
Neutron Mass	m_n	1.674927471e-27	m_n = 1.674927471e-27
Electric Constant	oofpez	8.9875517873681764e9	oofpez = 8.9875517873681764e9
Permitivity of Free Space	e0	8.854187817e-12	e0 = 8.854187817e-12
Magnetic Constant	km	1e-7	km = 1e-7
Vacuum Permeability	mu_0	1.2566370614e-6	mu_0 = 1.2566370614e-6
Proton Charge	e	1.602176565e-19	e = 1.602176565e-19
Electron Volt	eV	1.602176565e-19	eV = 1.602176565e-19
Avogadro's Number	N_A	6.0221409e23	N_A = 6.0221409e23
Proton Radius	R_p	0.8775e-15	R_p = 0.8775e-15
E to ionize air	E_ionize	3e6	E_ionize = 3e6
Earth's Magnetic Field	B_Earth	2e-5	B_Earth = 2e-5

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