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| Welcome to the Georgia Tech Wiki for Introductory Physics. This resource was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it for future students!
| | = '''Georgia Tech Student Wiki for Introductory Physics.''' = |
| | |
| | This resource was created so that students can contribute and curate content to help those with limited or no access to a textbook. When reading this website, please correct any errors you may come across. If you read something that isn't clear, please consider revising it for future students! |
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| Looking to make a contribution? | | Looking to make a contribution? |
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| * A wiki written for students by a physics expert [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes MSU Physics Wiki] | | * A wiki written for students by a physics expert [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes MSU Physics Wiki] |
| * A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki] | | * A wiki book on modern physics [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Modern_Physics Modern Physics Wiki] |
| | * A collection of 26 volumes of lecture notes by Prof. Wheeler of Reed College [https://rdc.reed.edu/c/wheeler/home/] |
| * The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki] | | * The MIT open courseware for intro physics [http://ocw.mit.edu/resources/res-8-002-a-wikitextbook-for-introductory-mechanics-fall-2009/index.htm MITOCW Wiki] |
| * An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics] | | * An online concept map of intro physics [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html HyperPhysics] |
| * Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET] | | * Interactive physics simulations [https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics PhET] |
| * OpenStax algebra based intro physics textbook [https://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics College Physics] | | * OpenStax intro physics textbooks: [https://openstax.org/details/books/university-physics-volume-1 Vol1], [https://openstax.org/details/books/university-physics-volume-2 Vol2], [https://openstax.org/details/books/university-physics-volume-3 Vol3] |
| * The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP] | | * The Open Source Physics project is a collection of online physics resources [http://www.opensourcephysics.org/ OSP] |
| * A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE] | | * A resource guide compiled by the [http://www.aapt.org/ AAPT] for educators [http://www.compadre.org/ ComPADRE] |
| | | * The Feynman lectures on physics are free to read [http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/ Feynman] |
| == Organizing Categories ==
| | * Final Study Guide for Modern Physics II created by a lab TA [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_6GktDPq5tiNFFYs_ZjgjxBAWVQYaXp_2Imha4_nSyc/edit?usp=sharing Modern Physics II Final Study Guide] |
| These are the broad, overarching categories, that we cover in three semester of introductory physics. You can add subcategories as needed but a single topic should direct readers to a page in one of these categories.
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| == Resources == | | == Resources == |
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| * A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode] | | * A guide to representing equations in math mode [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Wiki Math Mode] |
| * A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]] | | * A page to keep track of all the physics [[Constants]] |
| * A page for review of [[Vectors]] and vector operations
| |
| * A listing of [[Notable Scientist]] with links to their individual pages | | * A listing of [[Notable Scientist]] with links to their individual pages |
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| <div style="float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;"> | | <div style="float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;"> |
| | |
| ==Physics 1== | | ==Physics 1== |
| ===Week 1=== | | ===Week 1=== |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | ====GlowScript 101==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Python Syntax]] |
| | *[[GlowScript]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
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| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| | ====VPython==== |
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| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | |
| =====Help with VPython=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”>
| |
| *[[VPython]] | | *[[VPython]] |
| *[[VPython basics]] | | *[[VPython basics]] |
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| </div> | | </div> |
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| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Vectors and Units=====
| | |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | ====Vectors and Units==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Vectors]] | | *[[Vectors]] |
| *[[SI units]] | | *[[SI Units]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| =====Interactions=====
| | ====Interactions==== |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Types of Interactions and How to Detect Them]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| *[[Types of Interactions and How to Detect Them]]
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| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | ====Velocity and Momentum==== |
| =====Velocity and Momentum=====
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | *[[Newton's First Law of Motion]] |
| *[[Newton’s First Law of Motion]] | | *[[Mass]] |
| *[[Velocity]] | | *[[Velocity]] |
| *[[Mass]] | | *[[Speed]] |
| *[[Speed and Velocity]] | | *[[Speed vs Velocity]] |
| *[[Relative Velocity]] | | *[[Relative Velocity]] |
| *[[Derivation of Average Velocity]] | | *[[Derivation of Average Velocity]] |
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| *[[3-Dimensional Position and Motion]] | | *[[3-Dimensional Position and Motion]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div>
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|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
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| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”>
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:vpython_resources Software for Projects]
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| </div> | | </div> |
|
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| ===Week 2=== | | ===Week 2=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | ====Momentum and the Momentum Principle==== |
| =====Momentum and the Momentum Principle=====
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | *[[Linear Momentum]] |
| *[[Momentum Principle]] | | *[[Newton's Second Law: the Momentum Principle]] |
| | *[[Impulse and Momentum]] |
| | *[[Net Force]] |
| *[[Inertia]] | | *[[Inertia]] |
| *[[Net Force]]
| |
| *[[Derivation of the Momentum Principle]]
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| *[[Impulse Momentum]]
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| *[[Acceleration]] | | *[[Acceleration]] |
| *[[Momentum with respect to external Forces]] | | *[[Relativistic Momentum]] |
| | <!-- Kinematics and Projectile Motion relocated to Week 3 per advice of Dr. Greco --> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Iterative Prediction with a Constant Force=====
| | |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | ====Iterative Prediction with a Constant Force==== |
| *[[Newton’s Second Law of Motion]]
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Iterative Prediction]] | | *[[Iterative Prediction]] |
| *[[Kinematics]]
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| *[[Newton’s Laws and Linear Momentum]]
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| *[[Projectile Motion]]
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| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| ====Expert Content==== | | ===Week 3=== |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:scalars_and_vectors Scalars and Vectors]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:displacement_and_velocity Displacement and Velocity]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:modeling_with_vpython Modeling Motion with VPython]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:relative_motion Relative Motion]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:graphing_motion Graphing Motion]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:momentum Momentum]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:momentum_principle The Momentum Principle]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:acceleration Acceleration & The Change in Momentum]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:motionPredict Applying the Momentum Principle]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:constantF Constant Force Motion]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:iterativePredict Iterative Prediction of Motion]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:mp_multi The Momentum Principle in Multi-particle Systems]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:angular_motivation Why Angular Momentum?]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ang_momentum Angular Momentum]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque & The Angular Momentum Principle]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_conservation Angular Momentum Conservation]
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|
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| | ====Analytic Prediction with a Constant Force==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | <!-- *[[Analytical Prediction]] Deprecated --> |
| | *[[Kinematics]] |
| | *[[Projectile Motion]] |
| | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
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| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
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| | | ====Iterative Prediction with a Varying Force==== |
| ===Week 3=== | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| ====Student Content====
| | *[[Fundamentals of Iterative Prediction with Varying Force]] |
| <div class=“toccolours \
| | *[[Spring_Force]] |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”>
| |
| =====Analytic Prediction with a Constant Force=====
| |
| <div \ | |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Analytical Prediction]] | |
| </div>
| |
| </div>
| |
| | |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”>
| |
| =====Iterative Prediction with a Varying Force=====
| |
| <div \
| |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”>
| |
| *[[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]]
| |
| *[[Spring Force]]
| |
| *[[Hooke’s Law]] | |
| *[[Simple Harmonic Motion]] | | *[[Simple Harmonic Motion]] |
| | <!--*[[Hooke's Law]] folded into simple harmonic motion--> |
| | <!--*[[Spring Force]] folded into simple harmonic motion--> |
| *[[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]] | | *[[Iterative Prediction of Spring-Mass System]] |
| *[[Terminal Speed]] | | *[[Terminal Speed]] |
| | *[[Predicting Change in multiple dimensions]] |
| | *[[Two Dimensional Harmonic Motion]] |
| *[[Determinism]] | | *[[Determinism]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
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| mw-collapsed”>
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|
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:drag Drag]
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ucm Uniform Circular Motion]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:impulseGraphs Impulse Graphs]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:springMotion Non-constant Force: Springs & Spring-like Interactions]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:friction Contact Interactions: The Normal Force & Friction]
| |
|
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| </div>
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|
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|
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|
| ===Week 4=== | | ===Week 4=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Fundamental Interactions==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Fundamental Interactions=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Gravitational Force]] | | *[[Gravitational Force]] |
| | *[[Gravitational Force Near Earth]] |
| | *[[Gravitational Force in Space and Other Applications]] |
| | *[[3 or More Body Interactions]] |
| | <!--[[Fluid Mechanics]]--> |
| *[[Electric Force]] | | *[[Electric Force]] |
| | *[[Introduction to Magnetic Force]] |
| | *[[Strong and Weak Force]] |
| *[[Reciprocity]] | | *[[Reciprocity]] |
| | *[[Conservation of Momentum]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
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| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
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| mw-collapsed”>
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|
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]
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| </div>
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|
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| ===Week 5=== | | ===Week 5=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \
| | ====Properties of Matter==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”>
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Conservation of Momentum=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”>
| |
| *[[Conservation of Momentum]]
| |
| </div>
| |
| </div>
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | |
| | |
| =====Properties of Matter=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Kinds of Matter]] | | *[[Kinds of Matter]] |
| **[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]]
| | *[[Ball and Spring Model of Matter]] |
| *[[Density]] | | *[[Density]] |
| *[[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]] | | *[[Length and Stiffness of an Interatomic Bond]] |
| *[[Young’s Modulus]] | | *[[Young's Modulus]] |
| *[[Speed of Sound in Solids]] | | *[[Speed of Sound in Solids]] |
| *[[Malleability]] | | *[[Malleability]] |
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| *[[Boiling Point]] | | *[[Boiling Point]] |
| *[[Melting Point]] | | *[[Melting Point]] |
| | *[[Change of State]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
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| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
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| mw-collapsed”>
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:model_of_a_wire Modeling a Solid Wire: springs in series and parallel]
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| </div>
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| ===Week 6=== | | ===Week 6=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Identifying Forces==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Identifying Forces=====
| | ====Isabel Hollhumer F24==== |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Free Body Diagram]] | | *[[Free Body Diagram]] |
| | *[[Inclined Plane]] |
| *[[Compression or Normal Force]] | | *[[Compression or Normal Force]] |
| *[[Tension]] | | *[[Tension]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Curving Motion=====
| | |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | ====Curving Motion==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Curving Motion]] | | *[[Curving Motion]] |
| *[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]] | | *[[Centripetal Force and Curving Motion]] |
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| </div> | | </div> |
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| ====Expert Content==== | | ===Week 7=== |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \ | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| mw-collapsed”> | | ====Jeet Bhatkar==== |
|
| |
|
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:gravitation Non-constant Force: Newtonian Gravitation]
| | ====Energy Principle==== |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_accel Gravitational Acceleration]
| | The Energy Principle is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the relationship between different forms of energy and their conservation within a system. Understanding the Energy Principle is crucial for analyzing the motion and interactions of objects in various physical scenarios. |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ucm Uniform Circular Motion]
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:freebodydiagrams Free Body Diagrams]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:curving_motion Curved Motion]
| |
|
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|
| </div>
| | *[[Kinetic Energy]] |
| | | Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. |
| | | *[[Work/Energy]] |
| ===Week 7===
| | Potential energy arises from the position of an object relative to its surroundings. Common forms of potential energy include gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. |
| ====Student Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours \
| |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”>
| |
| =====Energy Principle=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”>
| |
| *[[The Energy Principle]] | | *[[The Energy Principle]] |
| | Work and energy are closely related concepts. Work ( |
| | 𝑊) done on an object is defined as the force ( |
| | 𝐹) applied to the object multiplied by the displacement ( |
| | 𝑑) of the object in the direction of the force: |
| | The Energy Principle states that the total mechanical energy of a system remains constant if only conservative forces (forces that depend only on the positions of the objects) are acting on the system. |
| *[[Conservation of Energy]] | | *[[Conservation of Energy]] |
| *[[Kinetic Energy]]
| | The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time. In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This principle is a fundamental concept in physics and has wide-ranging applications in mechanics, thermodynamics, and other branches of science. |
| *[[Work]]
| |
| *[[Power (Mechanical)]]
| |
| </div>
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
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| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
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| mw-collapsed”>
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|
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| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:define_energy What is Energy?]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:point_particle The Simplest System: A Single Particle]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:work Work: Mechanical Energy Transfer]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_cons Conservation of Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:potential_energy Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:force_and_PE Force and Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]
| |
|
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| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 8=== | | ===Week 8=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Work by Non-Constant Forces==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Work by Non-Constant Forces=====
| |
| <div \ | |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Work Done By A Nonconstant Force]] | | *[[Work Done By A Nonconstant Force]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Potential Energy=====
| | ====Potential Energy==== |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Potential Energy]] | | *[[Potential Energy]] |
| *[[Potential Energy of Macroscopic Springs]] | | *[[Potential Energy of Macroscopic Springs]] |
| *[[Spring Potential Energy]] | | *[[Spring Potential Energy]] |
| **[[Ball and Spring Model]]
| | *[[Ball and Spring Model]] |
| *[[Gravitational Potential Energy]] | | *[[Gravitational Potential Energy]] |
| *[[Energy Graphs]] | | *[[Energy Graphs]] |
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| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:work_by_nc_forces Work Done by Non-Constant Forces]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:potential_energy Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rest_mass Changes of Rest Mass Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:force_and_PE Force and Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_pe_graphs Graphing Energy for Gravitationally Interacting Systems]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:power Power: The Rate of Energy Change]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]
| |
|
| |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 9=== | | ===Week 9=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Multiparticle Systems==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Multiparticle Systems=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Center of Mass]] | | *[[Center of Mass]] |
| *[[Multi-particle analysis of Momentum]] | | *[[Multi-particle analysis of Momentum]] |
| *[[Momentum with respect to external Forces]]
| |
| *[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]] | | *[[Potential Energy of a Multiparticle System]] |
| *[[Work and Energy for an Extended System]] | | *[[Work and Energy for an Extended System]] |
| Line 361: |
Line 262: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:mp_multi The Momentum Principle in Multi-particle Systems]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_sep Separating Energy in Multi-Particle Systems]
| |
|
| |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 10=== | | ===Week 10=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Choice of System==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Choice of System=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[System & Surroundings]] | | *[[System & Surroundings]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Thermal Energy, Dissipation and Transfer of Energy=====
| | ====Thermal Energy, Dissipation, and Transfer of Energy==== |
| <div \ | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Thermal Energy]] | | *[[Thermal Energy]] |
| *[[Specific Heat]] | | *[[Specific Heat]] |
| *[[Heat Capacity]] | | *[[Calorific Value(Heat of combustion)]] |
| *[[Specific Heat Capacity]]
| |
| *[[First Law of Thermodynamics]] | | *[[First Law of Thermodynamics]] |
| *[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]] | | *[[Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy]] |
| *[[Temperature]] | | *[[Temperature]] |
| *[[Predicting Change]]
| |
| *[[Energy Transfer due to a Temperature Difference]]
| |
| *[[Transformation of Energy]] | | *[[Transformation of Energy]] |
| *[[The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution]] | | *[[The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution]] |
| *[[Air Resistance]] | | *[[Air Resistance]] |
| | *[[The Third Law of Thermodynamics]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Rotational and Vibrational Energy=====
| | |
| <div \ | | ====Rotational and Vibrational Energy==== |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]] | | *[[Translational, Rotational and Vibrational Energy]] |
| | *[[Rolling Motion]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_and_spring_PE (Near Earth) Gravitational and Spring Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rest_mass Changes of Rest Mass Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:newton_grav_pe Newtonian Gravitational Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:grav_pe_graphs Graphing Energy for Gravitationally Interacting Systems]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:escape_speed Escape Speed]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:spring_PE Spring Potential Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:internal_energy Internal Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:system_choice Choosing a System Matters]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy]
| |
|
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 11=== | | ===Week 11=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Different Models of a System==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Different Models of a System=====
| | *[[Point Particle Systems]] |
| <div \ | |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Real Systems]] | | *[[Real Systems]] |
| *[[Point Particle Systems]]
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | ====Friction==== |
| =====Models of Friction=====
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Friction]] | | *[[Friction]] |
| *[[Static Friction]] | | *[[Static Friction]] |
| | *[[Kinetic Friction]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ====Expert Content==== | | ===Week 12=== |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \ | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| mw-collapsed”> | | ====Conservation of Momentum==== |
| | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:system_choice Choosing a System Matters]
| | *[[Conservation of Momentum]] |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:energy_dissipation Dissipation of Energy] | | </div> |
| | |
| </div> | | </div> |
| | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | ====Collisions==== |
| ===Week 12===
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| ====Student Content====
| | *[[Newton's Third Law of Motion]] |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | |
| =====Collisions=====
| |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Newton’s Third Law of Motion]] | |
| *[[Collisions]] | | *[[Collisions]] |
| *[[Elastic Collisions]] | | *[[Elastic Collisions]] |
| Line 473: |
Line 333: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:collisions Colliding Objects]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:center_of_mass Center of Mass Motion]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rot_KE Rotational Kinetic Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:pp_vs_real Point Particle and Real Systems]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:colliding_systems Collisions]
| |
|
| |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 13=== | | ===Week 13=== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| <div class=“toccolours \ | | ====Rotations==== |
| mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| =====Rotations=====
| | *[[Rotational Kinematics]] |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Rotation]] | |
| *[[Angular Velocity]]
| |
| *[[Eulerian Angles]] | | *[[Eulerian Angles]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed”> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| =====Angular Momentum=====
| | |
| <div class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | | ====Angular Momentum==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Total Angular Momentum]] | | *[[Total Angular Momentum]] |
| *[[Translational Angular Momentum]] | | *[[Translational Angular Momentum]] |
| *[[Rotational Angular Momentum]] | | *[[Rotational Angular Momentum]] |
| *[[The Angular Momentum Principle]] | | *[[The Angular Momentum Principle]] |
| *[[Angular Momentum Compared to Linear Momentum]]
| |
| *[[Angular Impulse]] | | *[[Angular Impulse]] |
| *[[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]] | | *[[Predicting the Position of a Rotating System]] |
| *[[Angular Momentum of Multiparticle Systems]]
| |
| *[[The Moments of Inertia]] | | *[[The Moments of Inertia]] |
| *[[Moment of Inertia for a cylinder]]
| |
| *[[Right Hand Rule]] | | *[[Right Hand Rule]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:rot_KE Rotational Kinetic Energy]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:angular_motivation Why Angular Momentum?]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:ang_momentum Angular Momentum]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque & The Angular Momentum Principle]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_conservation Angular Momentum Conservation]
| |
|
| |
| </div>
| |
| ===Week 14=== | | ===Week 14=== |
| | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | ====Analyzing Motion with and without Torque==== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \ | |
| mw-collapsed”> | |
| =====Analyzing Motion with and without Torque=====
| |
| <div \ | |
| class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Torque]] | | *[[Torque]] |
| *[[Torque 2]] | | *[[Torque 2]] |
| Line 543: |
Line 368: |
| *[[Gyroscopes]] | | *[[Gyroscopes]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:discovery_of_the_nucleus Discovery of the Nucleus]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:torque Torques Cause Changes in Rotation]
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:L_principle Net Torque & The Angular Momentum Principle]
| |
|
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 15=== | | ===Week 15=== |
| | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | ====Introduction to Quantum Concepts==== |
| ====Student Content====
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \ | |
| mw-collapsed”> | |
| =====Introduction to Quantum Concepts=====
| |
| <div \class=“mw-collapsible-content”> | |
| *[[Bohr Model]] | | *[[Bohr Model]] |
| *[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]] | | *[[Energy graphs and the Bohr model]] |
| *[[Quantized energy levels]] | | *[[Quantized energy levels]] |
| | *[[Electron transitions]] |
| | *[[Entropy]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| |
| ====Expert Content====
| |
| <div class=“toccolours mw-collapsible \
| |
| mw-collapsed”>
| |
|
| |
| * [http://p3server.pa.msu.edu/coursewiki/doku.php?id=183_notes:discovery_of_the_nucleus Discovery of the Nucleus]
| |
|
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| | | <div style="float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;"> |
| <div style=“float:left; width:30%; padding:1%;”> | |
|
| |
|
| ==Physics 2== | | ==Physics 2== |
| Line 585: |
Line 389: |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====3D Vectors==== | | ====3D Vectors==== |
| | |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Page claimed by Laura Winalski]]*
| |
| *[[Vectors]] | | *[[Vectors]] |
| *[[Right-Hand Rule]] | | *[[Right-Hand Rule]] |
| Line 595: |
Line 399: |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
|
| '''CLAIMED BY DIPRO CHAKRABORTY'''
| |
|
| |
| '''CLAIMED BY DIPRO CHAKRABORTY'''
| |
| '''CLAIMED BY DIPRO CHAKRABORTY'''
| |
| '''CLAIMED BY DIPRO CHAKRABORTY'''
| |
|
| |
| '''CLAIMED BY DIPRO CHAKRABORTY'''
| |
| ====Electric field==== | | ====Electric field==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | *[[Electric Field]] |
| [[Electric field]] | | *[[Electric Field and Electric Potential]] |
| | |
| The electric field created by a charge is present throughout space at all times, whether or not there is another charge around to feel its effects. The electric field created by a charge penetrates through matter. The field permeates the neighboring space, biding its time until it can affect anything brought into its space of interaction.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the Electric Field is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other objects.
| |
| If we put a charged particle at a location and it experiences a force, it would be logical to assume that there is something present that
| |
| is interacting with the particle. This "virtual force" is in essence the electric field.
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| The electric field can be expressed mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{2}} = {q_{1}}{\vec{E_{1}}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} </math>
| |
| | |
| which can be translated to postulate that the force on particle 2 is determined by the charge of particle 2 and the electric
| |
| field.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of the Electric Field. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, peruse the class textbook.
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Which way is the electric field going for a negatively charged particle?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Simple111.png]]
| |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the electric field is pointing toward the negatively charged particle. The electric field is tending
| |
| toward the negatively charged particle.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the Electric Field is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other objects.
| |
| If we put a charged particle at a location and it experiences a force, it would be logical to assume that there is something present that
| |
| is interacting with the particle. This "virtual force" is in essence the electric field.
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| The electric field can be expressed mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{2}} = {q_{1}}{\vec{E_{1}}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} </math>
| |
| | |
| which can be translated to postulate that the force on particle 2 is determined by the charge of particle 2 and the electric
| |
| field.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of the Electric Field. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, peruse the class textbook.
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Which way is the electric field going for a negatively charged particle?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Simple111.png]]
| |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the electric field is pointing toward the negatively charged particle. The electric field is tending
| |
| toward the negatively charged particle.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the Electric Field is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other objects.
| |
| If we put a charged particle at a location and it experiences a force, it would be logical to assume that there is something present that
| |
| is interacting with the particle. This "virtual force" is in essence the electric field.
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| The electric field can be expressed mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{2}} = {q_{1}}{\vec{E_{1}}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} </math>
| |
| | |
| which can be translated to postulate that the force on particle 2 is determined by the charge of particle 2 and the electric
| |
| field.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of the Electric Field. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, peruse the class textbook.
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Which way is the electric field going for a negatively charged particle?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Simple111.png]] | |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the electric field is pointing toward the negatively charged particle. The electric field is tending
| |
| toward the negatively charged particle.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the Electric Field is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other objects.
| |
| If we put a charged particle at a location and it experiences a force, it would be logical to assume that there is something present that
| |
| is interacting with the particle. This "virtual force" is in essence the electric field.
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| The electric field can be expressed mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{2}} = {q_{1}}{\vec{E_{1}}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} </math>
| |
| | |
| which can be translated to postulate that the force on particle 2 is determined by the charge of particle 2 and the electric
| |
| field.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of the Electric Field. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, peruse the class textbook.
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Which way is the electric field going for a negatively charged particle?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Simple111.png]]
| |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the electric field is pointing toward the negatively charged particle. The electric field is tending
| |
| toward the negatively charged particle.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the Electric Field is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other objects.
| |
| If we put a charged particle at a location and it experiences a force, it would be logical to assume that there is something present that
| |
| is interacting with the particle. This "virtual force" is in essence the electric field.
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| The electric field can be expressed mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{2}} = {q_{1}}{\vec{E_{1}}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| which can be translated to postulate that the force on particle 2 is determined by the charge of particle 2 and the electric
| |
| field.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of the Electric Field. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, peruse the class textbook.
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Which way is the electric field going for a negatively charged particle?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Example.jpg]]
| |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the electric field is pointing toward the negatively charged particle. The electric field is tending
| |
| toward the negatively charged particle.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the Electric Field is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects.
| |
| If we put a charged particle at a location and it experiences a force, it would be logical to assume that there is something present that
| |
| is interacting with the particle. This "virtual force" is in essence the electric field.
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| The electric field can be expressed mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{2}} = {q_{1}}{\vec{E_{1}}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| which can be translated to postulate that the force on particle 2 is determined by the charge of particle 2 and the electric
| |
| field.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of Newton's First Law. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, click .
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the only force on the object is acting in the +x direction, with a magnitude of 5 newtons. Therefore, the object does not have a net force of zero or a constant velocity. It will be accelerating in the +x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the First Law of Motion is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects.
| |
| In other (and much simpler) terms, it means that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced net force. It's important to keep in mind that only a difference in affect the velocity of an object. The amount of change in velocity is determined by
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| Newton's first law can be stated mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| Where...
| |
| | |
| <math>\vec{F_{net}}</math> is the net force from the surroundings.
| |
| | |
| <math>d\vec{v}</math> is the change in velocity of the system.
| |
| | |
| <math>dt</math> is the change in time of the system
| |
| | |
| If we trace this formula from the left to the right, we can see that if the net force on an object is zero, then the change in velocity of an object is also zero. Conversely, if we were given an object and told that its change in momentum is zero, then we can deduce that the net force acting on the object is also zero. Keep in mind, however, that this formula simple deals with the '''change''' in velocity. It does '''not''' mean that the object is at rest, only that its velocity remains constant.
| |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of Newton's First Law. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, click .
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the only force on the object is acting in the +x direction, with a magnitude of 5 newtons. Therefore, the object does not have a net force of zero or a constant velocity. It will be accelerating in the +x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the First Law of Motion is as follows:
| |
| The electric field is a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects.
| |
| In other (and much simpler) terms, it means that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced net force. It's important to keep in mind that only a difference in affect the velocity of an object. The amount of change in velocity is determined by
| |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| Newton's first law can be stated mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| Where...
| |
| | |
| <math>\vec{F_{net}}</math> is the net force from the surroundings.
| |
| | |
| <math>d\vec{v}</math> is the change in velocity of the system.
| |
| | |
| <math>dt</math> is the change in time of the system
| |
| | |
| If we trace this formula from the left to the right, we can see that if the net force on an object is zero, then the change in velocity of an object is also zero. Conversely, if we were given an object and told that its change in momentum is zero, then we can deduce that the net force acting on the object is also zero. Keep in mind, however, that this formula simple deals with the '''change''' in velocity. It does '''not''' mean that the object is at rest, only that its velocity remains constant.
| |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of Newton's First Law. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, click .
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the only force on the object is acting in the +x direction, with a magnitude of 5 newtons. Therefore, the object does not have a net force of zero or a constant velocity. It will be accelerating in the +x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==The Main Idea==
| |
| To be exact, the definition of the First Law of Motion is as follows:
| |
| Every body persists in its state of rest or of moving with constant speed in a constant direction, except to the extent that it is compelled to change that state by forces acting on it.
| |
| In other (and much simpler) terms, it means that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced net force. It's important to keep in mind that only a difference in [http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/Determining-the-Net-Force net force] can affect the velocity of an object. The amount of change in velocity is determined by [http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-3/Newton-s-Second-Law Newton's Second Law of Motion].
| |
| | |
| ===A Mathematical Model===
| |
| | |
| Newton's first law can be stated mathematically as follows:
| |
| | |
| <math>{\vec{F_{net}} = 0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}} = 0</math>
| |
| | |
| Where...
| |
| | |
| <math>\vec{F_{net}}</math> is the net force from the surroundings.
| |
| | |
| <math>d\vec{v}</math> is the change in velocity of the system.
| |
| | |
| <math>dt</math> is the change in time of the system
| |
| | |
| If we trace this formula from the left to the right, we can see that if the net force on an object is zero, then the change in velocity of an object is also zero. Conversely, if we were given an object and told that its change in momentum is zero, then we can deduce that the net force acting on the object is also zero. Keep in mind, however, that this formula simple deals with the '''change''' in velocity. It does '''not''' mean that the object is at rest, only that its velocity remains constant.
| |
| | |
| ==Examples==
| |
| | |
| The following examples are to test your basic understanding of Newton's First Law. For more examples that test your knowledge of all three of the laws, click [http://www.physicsclassroom.com/calcpad/newtlaws/problems here].
| |
| | |
| ===Simple===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Newtonfirstlawsimple.png|400px]]
| |
| | |
| It's easy to see that the only force on the object is acting in the +x direction, with a magnitude of 5 newtons. Therefore, the object does not have a net force of zero or a constant velocity. It will be accelerating in the +x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Middling===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Newtonfirstlawmedium.png|400px]]
| |
| | |
| This example is slightly more difficult, but is still quite trivial. If we sum the forces in the x direction, we see that the net force is 2 newtons in the -x direction. Therefore, the object does not have a constant velocity, and will be accelerating in the -x direction.
| |
| | |
| ===Difficult===
| |
| Does the object in the following image have a net force of zero? Does it have a constant velocity?
| |
| | |
| [[File:Newtonsfirstlawhard.png|400px]]
| |
| | |
| This final example tests your knowledge and understanding of Newton's First Law. We're able to see that the box will accelerate in the -x direction because the net force in the x direction is 5 newtons to the left. However, the box itself has a velocity of 5m/s upwards, which would indeed stay constant. This is because forces (and motion) in perpendicular directions are [http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-1/Independence-of-Perpendicular-Components-of-Motion independent] of each other.
| |
| | |
| ==Connectedness==
| |
| | |
| [[File:Tablecloth.gif|left|300px|thumb|The "magic trick" of ripping off a table cloth without the plates on top moving is an example of Newton's First Law. The tableware is in a state of rest, and thus want to remain in such a state.]]
| |
| | |
| Newton's laws of motion tie into almost everything that we see or do. The first law, in particular, explains why we suddenly lurch forward when a car suddenly stops (our bodies are in a state of motion and thus resist the sudden stop), why it's much harder to stop when ice skating than walking (there's less friction, thus less net force to decelerate), and much, much, more. The importance of Newton's first law (and by extension, the other laws of motion) is not readily apparent, but serves as a basis to explain much of our daily interactions with our surroundings.
| |
| | |
| It can also apply to things outside of our daily interactions - space, for example. Newton's first law describes why an astronaut in space will continuously float in a direction forever if they are not pulled in by an asteroid or a planet's gravitational force. There is a lack of a net force opposing the astronaut's motion (due to the fact that there is no air in space) which results in the astronaut having a constant velocity. Floating off into space is probably an astronaut's worst nightmare, a scenario that a recent movie, ''Gravity'', explored. The entire premise of the movie (Sandra Bullock becomes untethered from her space station) relies on Newton's first law of motion.
| |
| ==History==
| |
| | |
| While Galileo is the one credited with the idea of inertia motion, it was René Descartes, a French philosopher, who would expand upon Galileo's ideas. Descartes went on to propose three fundamental laws of nature in his book, ''Principles of Philosophy'', the first of which stated that "each thing, as far as is in its power, always remains in the same state; and that consequently, when it is once moved, it always continues to move." Thus, while the concept of inertia is often referred to as Newton's First Law, it was first described by Galileo and then perfected by Descartes decades before Newton published his findings.
| |
| | |
| As for Newton, he first described his three laws of motion in ''The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy'', for the Principia, which was published in 1687. These laws described the relationship between an object and the forces acting upon it and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. While Newton's first law came from the work of Descartes and Galileo, his other laws are the work of himself.
| |
| | |
| ==Electric Field==
| |
| The electric field created by a charge is present throughout space at all times, whether or not there is another charge around to feel its effects. The electric field created by a charge penetrates through matter. The field permeates the neighboring space, biding its time until it can affect anything brought into its space of interaction.
| |
| *[[Vectors]]
| |
| *[[Right-Hand Rule]]
| |
| *[[Right Hand Rule]]
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| ====Electric force==== | | ====Electric force==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | | *[[Electric Force]] |
| *[[Electric Force]] Claimed by Amarachi Eze | |
| *[[Lorentz Force]] | | *[[Lorentz Force]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
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|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Electric field of a point particle==== | | ====Electric field of a point particle==== |
|
| |
|
| |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Point Charge]] | | *[[Point Charge]] |
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
|
| '''Bold text'''====Superposition====
| | ====Superposition==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Superposition Principle]] | | *[[Superposition Principle]] |
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| ===Week 3=== | | ===Week 3=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Insulators==== | | ====Conductors and Insulators==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Conductivity and Resistivity]] |
| *[[Insulators]] | | *[[Insulators]] |
| *[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]] | | *[[Potential Difference in an Insulator]] |
| *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]] | | *[[Conductors]] |
| *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]] | | *[[Polarization of a conductor]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Conductors====
| |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">
| |
| *[[Conductivity]]
| |
| *[[Charge Transfer]]
| |
| *[[Resistivity]]
| |
| *[[Polarization of a conductor]]
| |
| *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]]
| |
| *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]
| |
| </div>
| |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
| | ====Charging and Discharging==== |
| ====Charging and discharging==== | |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Charge Transfer]] | | *[[Charge Transfer]] |
| *[[Electrostatic Discharge]] | | *[[Electrostatic Discharge]] |
| *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]] | | *[[Charged Conductor and Charged Insulator]] |
| *[[Charged conductor and charged insulator]]
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| ====Field of a charged rod==== | | ====Field of a charged rod==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Charged Rod]] | | *[[Field of a Charged Rod|Charged Rod]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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|
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|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Field of a charged sphere==== | | ====Field of a charged sphere==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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|
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|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| ====Electric potential==== | | ====Electric potential==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Sign of a potential difference==== | | ====Sign of a potential difference==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Sign of Potential Difference, claimed by Tyler Quill]] | | *[[Sign of a Potential Difference]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| == Claimed by Tyler Quill ==
| |
|
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Potential at a single location==== | | ====Potential at a single location==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Moving charges in a magnetic field==== | | ====Moving charges in a magnetic field==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Biot-Savart Law==== | | ====Biot-Savart Law==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]] | | *[[Magnetic Field of a Long Straight Wire]] |
| | *[[Magnetic Field of a Curved Wire]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| ====Magnetic field of a current-carrying loop==== | | ====Magnetic field of a current-carrying loop==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]] | | *[[Magnetic Field of a Loop]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | ====Magnetic field of a Charged Disk==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Magnetic Field of a Disk]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| ===Week 8=== | | ===Week 8=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| | ====Circuitry Basics==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Understanding Fundamentals of Current, Voltage, and Resistance]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| ====Steady state current==== | | ====Steady state current==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Node rule==== | | ====Kirchoff's Laws==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Node Rule]] | | *[[Kirchoff's Laws]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| ====Electric fields and energy in circuits==== | | ====Electric fields and energy in circuits==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Series circuit]] claimed by Hannah Jang
| |
| *[[Node Rule]]
| |
| *[[Loop Rule]]
| |
| *[[Electric Potential Difference]] | | *[[Electric Potential Difference]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Series Circuits]] | | *[[Series Circuits]] |
| *[[Parallel CIrcuits]] | | *[[Parallel Circuits]] |
| *[[Parallel Circuits vs. Series Circuits*]] | | *[[Parallel Circuits vs. Series Circuits*]] |
| *[[Loop Rule]] | | *[[Loop Rule]] |
| *[[Node Rule]] | | *[[Node Rule]] |
| *[[Resistors*]] | | *[[Fundamentals of Resistance]] |
| | *[[Problem Solving]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]] | | *[[Charging and Discharging a Capacitor]] |
| *[[RC Circuit]] | | *[[RC Circuit]] |
| *[[R Circuit]] | | *[[R Circuit]] |
| *[[AC and DC]] | | *[[AC and DC]] |
|
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Magnetic forces on charges and currents==== | | ====Magnetic forces on charges and currents==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Magnetic Force]] | | *[[Magnetic Force]] |
| *[[Lorentz Force]] | | *[[Lorentz Force]] |
| | *[[Motors and Generators]] |
| *[[Applying Magnetic Force to Currents]] | | *[[Applying Magnetic Force to Currents]] |
| *[[Magnetic Force in a Moving Reference Frame]] | | *[[Magnetic Force in a Moving Reference Frame]] |
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|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| ====Electric and magnetic forces==== | | ====Electric and magnetic forces==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| ====Velocity selector==== | | ====Velocity selector==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
|
| == Part 2: Initial Transient State (Magnetic Field Present) == | | ====Hall Effect==== |
| | |
| Mobile electrons are subjected to a magnetic field as they flow through the wire. Since electrons are negatively charged, they experience a magnetic force in the downward direction due to the magnetic field. This can be summarized by the equation:
| |
| | |
| [[File:Mag_force.png]]
| |
| | |
| See aside for extra help on determining this direction.
| |
| | |
| | |
| ==Part 3: Steady State (Magnetic Field Still Present)== | |
| | |
| Over time more and more charges are going to build up. As they build up, they will begin to create a charged area on one surface of the conductor. This charged surface will start to oppose the magnetic force that is holding the electrons. Essentially the electrons are being held against the side of the conductor by the magnetic force. As more and more electrons collect together against the surface of the conductor, they start to oppose the magnetic force that’s holding them. This opposing force is called the transverse electric force and is responsible for the existence of the perpendicular electric field. When enough electrons have collected, their combined transverse electric force will be equal in magnitude to the magnetic force that is holding them. At this point, there is no net vertical force pushing more electrons against the surface of the conductor and these electrons will flow normally again. This is called the steady state. As long as the magnetic field remains the same magnitude and in the same direction and the same number of electrons remain pushed against the conductor’s surface, the steady state will be maintained.
| |
| | |
| [[File:F_perp.png]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| == See also ==
| |
| | |
| Are there related topics or categories in this wiki resource for the curious reader to explore? How does this topic fit into that context?
| |
| | |
| ===External links===
| |
| | |
| Internet resources on this topic
| |
| | |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Hall Effect]] | | *[[Hall Effect]] |
| *[[Right-Hand Rule]] | | *[[Right-Hand Rule]] |
| *[[Polarization]]
| |
| </div>
| |
| </div>
| |
|
| |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
| |
| [[File:Example.jpg]]
| |
|
| |
| ====Motional EMF====
| |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content">
| |
| *[[Motional Emf]] | | *[[Motional Emf]] |
| *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]] | | *[[Magnetic Force]] |
| </div>
| | *[[Magnetic Torque]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
| |
| ====Magnetic force==== | | ====Magnetic force==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
|
| |
| ====Ampere's Law==== | | ====Ampere's Law==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
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| *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]] | | *[[Motional Emf using Faraday's Law]] |
| *[[Lenz's Law]] | | *[[Lenz's Law]] |
| | |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
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|
| |
|
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | |
| ====Inductors==== | | ====Inductors==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Inductors]] | | *[[Inductors]] |
| *[[Current in an LC Circuit]] | | *[[Current in an LC Circuit]] |
| *[[RL Circuits]] | | *[[Current in an RL Circuit]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 15=== | | ===Week 15=== |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | ==== Electromagnetic Radiation ==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Electromagnetic Radiation]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Sparks in the air==== | | ====Sparks in the air==== |
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| ====Classical Physics==== | | ====Classical Physics==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Classical Physics]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 2=== | | [[Category:Which Category did you place this in?]] |
| | |
| | ===Weeks 2 and 3=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Special Relativity==== | | ====Special Relativity and the Lorentz Transformation==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Frame of Reference]] | | *[[Frame of Reference]] |
| | |
| *[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]] | | *[[Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity]] |
| *[[Time Dilation]] | | *[[Time Dilation]] |
| | *[[Lorentz Transformations]] |
| | *[[Relativistic Doppler Effect]] |
| *[[Einstein's Theory of General Relativity]] | | *[[Einstein's Theory of General Relativity]] |
| *[[Albert A. Micheleson & Edward W. Morley]] | | *[[Albert A. Micheleson & Edward W. Morley]] |
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| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 3=== | | ===Week 4=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Photons==== | | ====Photons and the Photoelectric Effect==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]] | | *[[Spontaneous Photon Emission]] |
| *[[Light Scattering: Why is the Sky Blue]] | | *[[Light Scattering]] |
| *[[Lasers]] | | *[[Lasers]] |
| *[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]] | | *[[Electronic Energy Levels and Photons]] |
| *[[Quantum Properties of Light]] | | *[[Quantum Properties of Light]] |
| | *[[The Photoelectric Effect]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 4=== | | ===Weeks 5 and 6=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Matter Waves==== | | ====Matter Waves and Wave-Particle Duality==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Wave-Particle Duality]] | | *[[Wave-Particle Duality]] |
| | *[[Particle in a 1-Dimensional box]] |
| | *[[Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 5=== | | ===Week 7=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Wave Mechanics==== | | ====Wave Mechanics==== |
| Line 1,618: |
Line 907: |
| *[[Mechanical Waves]] | | *[[Mechanical Waves]] |
| *[[Transverse and Longitudinal Waves]] | | *[[Transverse and Longitudinal Waves]] |
| | *[[Fourier Series and Transform]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 6=== | | ===Week 8=== |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | ====Schrödinger Equation==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[The Born Rule]] |
| | *[[Solution for a Single Free Particle]] |
| | *[[Solution for a Single Particle in an Infinite Quantum Well - Darin]] |
| | *[[Solution for a Single Particle in a Semi-Infinite Quantum Well]] |
| | *[[Quantum Harmonic Oscillator]] |
| | *[[Solution for Simple Harmonic Oscillator]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | ===Week 9=== |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | ====Quantum Mechanics==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Quantum Tunneling through Potential Barriers]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | ====The Hydrogen Atom==== |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Quantum Theory]] |
| | *[[Atomic Theory]] |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | ===Week 10=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Rutherford-Bohr Model==== | | ====Rutherford-Bohr Model==== |
| Line 1,632: |
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| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 7=== | | ===Week 11=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====The Hydrogen Atom==== | | ====Many-Electron Atoms==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Quantum Theory]] | | *[[Quantum Theory]] |
| *[[Atomic Theory]] | | *[[Atomic Theory]] |
| | *[[Pauli exclusion principle]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 8=== | | ===Week 12=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Many-Electron Atoms==== | | ====The Nucleus==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| *[[Quantum Theory]] | | *[[Nucleus]] |
| *[[Atomic Theory]]
| |
| *[[Pauli exclusion principle]]
| |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 9=== | | ===Week 13=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Molecules==== | | ====Molecules==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Molecules]] |
| | *[[Covalent Bonds]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 10=== | | ===Week 14=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Statistical Physics==== | | ====Statistical Physics==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Application of Statistics in Physics]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 11=== | | ===Week 15=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Condensed Matter Physics==== | | ====Statistical Physics==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Temperature & Entropy]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
|
| ===Week 12=== | | ===Additional Topics=== |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====The Nucleus==== | | ====Thermodynamics==== |
| <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> |
| | *[[Maxwell Relations]] |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| ===Week 13===
| |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Nuclear Physics==== | | ====Nuclear Physics==== |
| Line 1,687: |
Line 1,008: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
|
| |
| ===Week 14===
| |
| <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| ====Particle Physics==== | | ====Particle Physics==== |
| Line 1,694: |
Line 1,013: |
| *[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]] | | *[[Elementary Particles and Particle Physics Theory]] |
| *[[String Theory]] | | *[[String Theory]] |
| | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |